Кемерово, Россия
Кемерово, Кемеровская область, Россия
Кемерово, Кемеровская область, Россия
Кемерово, Кемеровская область, Россия
Москва, г. Москва и Московская область, Россия
Воздействия вредных факторов на иммунную систему человека может провоцировать развитие различных заболеваний. Для поддержания нормального функционирования иммунной системы разработаны особые вещества – иммуномодуляторы. Перспективными иммуномодуляторами являются биологически активные вещества (БАВ) лекарственных растений, для извлечения которых используется метод экстракции. Цель работы – обзор методов экстрагирования БАВ-иммуномодуляторов из растительного сырья. Объектом исследования являлись научные и обзорные статьи по теме исследования, опубликованные с 2019 по 2023 гг. и индексируемые в российских и зарубежных базах данных Scopus, Web of Science и eLIBRARY.RU. Поиск осуществлялся на английском и русском языках. Эффективность процесса экстракции зависит от множества факторов: выбора растворителя, температуры и размера частиц. Ключевую роль играет выбор метода экстракции. К традиционным методам экстракции относят перколяцию, мацерацию, экстракцию Сокслета, экстракцию тепловым рефлюксом и отвар; они характеризуются большим расходом растворителя, высокой стоимостью процесса и т. д. Для устранения недостатков традиционных методов разработаны современные методы экстракции – сверхкритическая экстракция, экстракция под действием микроволн, ультразвуковая экстракция и экстракция под давлением. Для извлечения БАВ из женьшеня настоящего (Panax ginseng) в научных работах используются современные методы экстракции, из люцерны посевной (Medicago sativa) – экстракция углекислым газом. Также этот метод применяют для выделения полифенола кверцетина из плодов айвы (Cydonia oblonga). Мацерацию с растворителем метанолом используют для получения экстрактов из таволги вязолистой (Filipendula ulmaria). Экстракцию Сокслета применяют для извлечения БАВ из скумпии кожевенной (Cotinus coggygria), пальчатокоренника пятнистого (Dactylorhiza maculata) и любки зелёноцветной (Platanthera chloranthа). Традиционные и современные методы экстракции находят свое применение и активно используются для получения экстрактов растений, содержащих биологически активные вещества иммуномодулирующего действия.
Лекарственные растения, биологически активные вещества, иммуномодуляторы, экстракция, методы экстракции, растворитель
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