1. Becker G. S. Investments in human capital: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Political Economy, 1962, 70(5): 9–49. https://doi.org/10.1086/258724

2. Schultz T. W. Capital formation by education. Journal of Political Economy, 1960, 68(6): 571–583. https://doi.org/10.1086/258393

3. Avdeeva D. A. The contribution of human capital to economic growth in Russia. HSE Economic Journal, 2024, 28(1): 9–43. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8691-2024-28-1-9-43

4. Sorokina O. V., Bogdanov Yu. V. Human capital as a determining factor of Russia’s economic growth in modern conditions. Economic Sciences, 2020, (1): 94–98. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/othuxr

5. Vandyshova O. P. Investment in human capital as the main factor of innovative development of the economy. Eurasian Journal of Economics and Management, 2019, (4): 5–11. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/raujkv

6. Makhmudova M. M. Human capital development in the digital economy. Theoretical economics, 2023, (6): 38–53. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/tllguu

7. Yesir A. I., Kiskul O. A. Investments in human capital as a factor of economic development of the country. Management and marketing in the digital economy: Proc. Intern. Sci.-Prac. Conf., Moscow, 23 May 2024. Moscow: MIU, 2024, 35–44. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/xxuyun

8. Shomiev G. U. Human capital formation: Analysis of international experience. Ekonomika i finansy (Uzbekistan), 2020, (2): 111–124. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/epldxa

9. Sarda V., Karmarkar Y., Lahotia N., Pallaniappan S., Dixit A., Shrimal K., Sahu J., Goyal B. Beyond GDP – Rethinking the ways to measure growth using Sustainable Economic Development Assessment Index and Human Development Index. 2024 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence for the Internet of Things (AIIoT): Proc. Conf., Vellore, 3–4 May 2024. Vellore, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/AIIoT58432.2024.10574603

10. Flek M. B., Ugnich E. A. Human capital formation in high-tech: Features of government policy. MIR (Modernizaciya. Innovacii. Razvitie), 2024, 15(1): 43–60. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18184/2079-4665.2024.15.1.43-60

11. Krivorotko I. A., Torosyan A. A. Analysis of factors and development of human capital in Russia and the leading countries. Modern scientific research and innovations, 2016, (6): 489–496. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/wfrgtp

12. Kuznetsova I. A., Levchenko A. S., Rybalkova E. V., Myakushko L. N. The influence of external factors on the formation of human capital in Russia. Belgorodskij ekonomicheskij vestnik, 2023, (1): 24–33. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/rowygr

13. Ilyasova Yu. V., Mirankov D. B., Shengelia T. A. Human capital development of the Russian Federation and its position in international ratings. Scientific Notes of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Economics and management, 2020, 6(2): 44–58. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1644-2020-6-2-44-58

14. Fedotov A. A. Human potential and human capital: Essence and difference of concepts. Ekonomika i biznes: Teoriya i praktika, 2021, (7): 148–155. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24412/2411-0450-2021-7-148-155

15. Sukiasyan A. G. Formation and development of the concept of human potential. Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 2015, (1): 44–52. (In Russ.) https://www.elibrary.ru/tjxhrt

16. Bauer E. P. Human capital and its role in the development of the modern economy in the Republic of Korea. Bulletin of the Center for Korean Studies of the Far Eastern Federal University, 2017, (1): 6–17. (In Russ.)

17. Shomakhov K. R. Human potential as a factor of Russia’s economic growth and security. Economic Security, 2023, 6(4): 1381–1402. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18334/ecsec.6.4.119151

18. Eskindarov M. A., Gruzina Yu. M., Firsova I. A., Melnichuk M. V. Human capital competencies in high-tech and knowledge-intensive sectors of the economy. Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast, 2020, 13(6): 199–214. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15838/esc.2020.6.72.12

19. Shumar M. S. Requirements for human capital by training. Business Strategies, 2016, (6): 35–38. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/wthont

20. Yuzhakova T. A., Karakchieva I. V. Financing of the Russian education system (dynamics of education costs: Russian and international experience). Nauka, tekhnika i obrazovanie, 2015, (2): 87–93. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/tnbspd

21. Karpunina E. K., Yakovleva E. A., Shurupova O. S., Oganesyan T. L., Gorbunova O. N. Enhancing BRICS scientific and educational potential as a prerequisite for knowledge-based development and digital leadership. International Journal of Knowledge-Based Development, 2024, 14(3): 290–313. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJKBD.2024.141632

22. Karpunina E. K., Magomaeva L. R., Kochyan G. A., Ponomarev S. V., Borshchevskaya E. P. Digital inequality and forms of its appearance: A comparative analysis in the OECD and BRICS countries. Innovation management and information technology impact on global economy in the era of pandemic: Proc. 37 IBIMA Conf., Cordoba, 30–31 May 2021. IBIMA, 2021, 1028–1039. https://elibrary.ru/kejumr

23. Karpunina E. K., Konovalova M. E. Investing in R&D, shaping the future: A comparative analysis of the BRICS and OECD countries. Drukerovskij vestnik, 2021, (1): 65–76. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17213/2312-6469-2021-1-65-76

24. Ponomarev S. V., Bukhonova N. M., Sayfutdinova L. R., Garayeva Ch. R. Comparative analysis of the scientific, educational and digital potential of the BRICS and G7 countries: Conclusions for public administration systems. Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Ekonomika. Sotsiologiya. Menedzhment, 2023, 13(2): 39–52. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21869/2223-1552-2023-13-2-39-52

25. Kuzmenko N. I., Lapushinskaya G. K., Lisova E. V., Tleptserukov M. A., Karpunina E. K. Russian regions: Assessment of factors of growth in the living standard and well-being of the population. Geo-economy of the future: Sustainable agriculture and alternative energy, eds. Popkova E. G., Sergi B. S. Cham: Springer, 2022, 619–639. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92303-7_66