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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Dairy industry</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Dairy industry</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Молочная промышленность</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1019-8946</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">99759</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21603/1019-8946-2025-3-39</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Обзорная статья</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Review article</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Обзорная статья</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of Thermal Treatment on Lactic Acid Bacteriophages</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Влияние термического воздействия на бактериофаги молочнокислых бактерий</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Полянская</surname>
       <given-names>Ирина Сергеевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Polyanskaya</surname>
       <given-names>Irina S.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>poljanska69@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5630-3196</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Просеков</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Юрьевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Prosekov</surname>
       <given-names>Alexander Yu.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Вологодская государственная молочнохозяйственная академия имени Н. В. Верещагина</institution>
     <city>Молочное</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Vologda State Dairy Farming Academy</institution>
     <city>Molochnoye</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Кемеровский государственный университет</institution>
     <city>Кемерово</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Kemerovo State University</institution>
     <city>Kemerovo</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-16T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>16</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-16T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>16</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>30</fpage>
   <lpage>36</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-24T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>24</day>
     <month>02</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-12T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>12</day>
     <month>05</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://moloprom.kemsu.ru/en/nauka/article/99759/view">https://moloprom.kemsu.ru/en/nauka/article/99759/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Инфицирование и поражение стартовой культуры заквасочных микроорганизмов бактериофагами является главной причиной некачественной ферментации при производстве сыров, кисломолочных продуктов. Несмотря на реализацию различных стратегий контроля фагов на молочных предприятиях, таких как санитария, ротация культур, проектирование завода и технологического оборудования, их присутствие и устойчивость остаются серьезной биотехнологической проблемой. Сырое молоко является одним из главных источников высокомутирующих бактериофагов с разной степенью термоустойчивости на молочных предприятиях. Известно, что фаг более устойчив к нагреванию, чем штамм-хозяин и подавляющее большинство вегетативной микробиоты, но в литературе имеются противоречивые данные о влияние термического воздействия на всевозможные типы бактериофагов разных видов молочнокислых бактерий в различных средах. Режимы физических методов инактивации бактериофагов в промышленных условиях требуют дополнительной аргументации. В связи с этим целью исследования является обоснование режимов физических методов инактивации бактериофагов, пастеризации в рамках фагового мониторинга с корректирующим воздействием. Была проанализирована информация о типах, группах фагов молочнокислых бактерий, встречающихся на молочных заводах, о природе термостойкости фагов, их адаптивной эволюции, связанной с повышением сублетальной температуры. В работе проведены анализ и синтез данных по влиянию термического воздействия на бактериофаги молочнокислых бактерий, полученных в альтернативных условиях разных исследовательских лабораторий. Результатом исследований стало обоснование режимов термического воздействия на бактериофаги молочнокислых бактерий при производстве ферментированных молочных продуктов, что является необходимым условием в разработке системы эффективных практических противофаговых мер и Программы обязательных предварительных мероприятий, принимаемой исходя из анализа уровня и разнообразия фаговой инфекции (фагового мониторинга). Выявлены причины, по которым не поддерживается рекомендация всеобщего ужесточения тепловой обработки молочного сырья. Возможно использование термоинактивации фагов там, где используется кипячение или пропаривание.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>If starter culture bacteria are infected with bacteriophages, it results in poor or faulty fermentation of cheese and fermented milk. Despite strict sanitation measures, culture rotation, and special equipment design, bacteriophages with their growing heat resistance remain a serious biotechnological problem for the dairy industry. As a rule, raw milk is the main source of highly mutating bacteriophages with various heat resistance values. Bacteriophages are more resistant to heating than the host strain and most vegetative microbiota; however, scientific publications provide contradicting data on the effect of thermal exposure on lactic acid bacteriophages in various environments. As a result, industrial bacteriophage inactivation requires additional studies to define the most efficient modes. The article introduces the optimal modes of physical bacteriophage inactivation and pasteurization as part of phage monitoring. The authors analyzed available reports on types and groups of lactic acid phages typical of dairy plants, the nature of their heat resistance, and their adaptive evolution to increasing sublethal temperature. The standard methods of analysis and synthesis made it possible to reveal the effect of thermal action on lactic acid bacteriophages in different laboratory conditions. The resulting optimal thermal modes of fermented dairy production may help to develop a system of effective practical antiphage measures that could be compiled into a Program of Preliminary Measures of Phage Monitoring. Although the recommendation for a stricter heat treatment of raw milk does not find unanimous support, dairy plants may apply thermal antiphage inactivation if the processing involves boiling or steaming.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>молочнокислые бактерии</kwd>
    <kwd>ферментация</kwd>
    <kwd>бактериофаги</kwd>
    <kwd>фаголизис стартовых культур</kwd>
    <kwd>сырое молоко</kwd>
    <kwd>термоустойчивость</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>lactic acid bacteria</kwd>
    <kwd>fermentation</kwd>
    <kwd>bacteriophages</kwd>
    <kwd>phagolysis of starter cultures</kwd>
    <kwd>raw milk</kwd>
    <kwd>heat resistance</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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