Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Техника и технология пищевых производств 2074-9414 2313-1748 92590 10.21603/2074-9414-2024-4-2551 ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ ORIGINAL ARTICLE ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ Heavy Metals Accumulation in Plants During Coal Mine Reclamation Изучение способности аккумулирования тяжелых металлов растениями в процессе рекультивации отвала угольного разреза https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4045-8054 Осинцева Мария Aлексеевна Osintseva Maria A. k1marial@inbox.ru https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1372-2091 Дюкова Евгения Алексеевна Dyukova Evgenia A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9154-5238 Ульянова Екатерина Георгиевна Ulyanova Ekaterina G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3298-2761 Осинцев Алексей Михайлович Osintsev Alexey M.

доктор технических наук;

doctor of technical sciences;

 Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Сибирский федеральный научный центр агробиотехнологий Российской академии наук Краснообск Россия Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences Krasnoobsk Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation 24 12 2024 24 12 2024 54 4 897 908 08 07 2024 03 09 2024 https://fptt.ru/en/issues/23109/23167/

Основным способом решения экологических проблем, возникающих в результате консервации угольных разрезов после их выработки, является рекультивация технологически измененных земель. Одна из проблем восстановления экосистемы таких земель – загрязнение почвообразующего покрова тяжелыми металлами. Возможным решением этой проблемы может стать использование фиторемедиационного потенциала растений на этапе биологической рекультивации. Цель данного исследования заключалась в изучении аккумуляционной способности высаженных на отвалах угольного разреза травянистых растений (бобовых и злаковых) по отношению к тяжелым металлам. Объектами исследований являлись образцы грунта и высаженные на нем растения. Исследования проводились на этапе биологической рекультивации экспериментальных участков научно-технического полигона на отвале угольного разреза, расположенного в Прокопьевском районе Кемеровской области – Кузбасса. При создании полигона в 2023 г. была произведена закладка участков с различными вариантами формирования корнеобитаемого слоя. Физико-химические свойства проб грунта и растительного сырья определялись стандартными методами в аккредитованных лабораториях. На всех участках были высажены травянистые, кустарниковые и древесные растения. В ходе исследования касаются изучена аккумуляционная способность бобовых и злаковых культур. Содержание тяжелых металлов в растительном сырье в большинстве случаев не превышало максимально допустимых уровней в растительных кормах. Например, содержание свинца в абсолютно сухом веществе растительной массы колебалось в пределах 0,35–2,64 мг/кг для злаковых и 1,54–5,25 мг/кг для бобовых культур. Содержание кадмия для различных образцов составило 0,13–0,25 мг/кг для злаковых и 0,19–0,32 мг/кг для бобовых культур. Некоторые образцы демонстрировали заметное превышение максимально допустимого уровня содержания железа в сухом веществе (примерно 400 мг/кг). В целом результаты исследования продемонстрировали способность травянистых растений накапливать потенциально опасные вещества и уменьшать их концентрацию в почве.

Reclamation solves environmental problems caused by opencast coal mining. Soil contamination with heavy metals is a major problem in restoring the ecosystem of disturbed lands. Plants with good phytoremediation potential may be an optimal solution at the stage of biological reclamation. The research featured the heavy metals accumulation potential in legumes and cereals planted on coal mine dumps. The research objects included soil and plant samples from a coal mine dump near the town of Prokopyevsk, Kemerovo Region. The testing ground (2023) consisted of sections with different options for root formation. The physicochemical properties of soil samples and plant materials were determined by standard methods in accredited laboratories. The sections were planted with herbs, shrubs, and trees; the research reported in this article focused on legumes and cereals. The content of heavy metals in the plant samples stayed below the maximum permissible levels for animal feed. The lead content in plant mass solids fluctuated within 0.35–2.64 mg/kg for cereals and 1.54–5.25 mg/kg for legumes. The cadmium content was 0.13–0.25 mg/kg for cereals and 0.19–0.32 mg/kg for legumes. However, the content of iron in some samples was far above the permissible level and reached 400 mg/kg. In this study, legumes and cereals were able to accumulate potentially hazardous substances, thus reducing their concentration in post-mining soil.

 Биологическая рекультивация фиторемедиация фитоэкстракция тяжелые металлы злаковые культуры бобовые культуры Biological reclamation phytoremediation phytoextraction heavy metal content legumes cereals Работа выполнена в рамках Распоряжения Правительства Российской Федерации от 11.05.2022 г. № 1144-р, комплексной научно-технической программы полного инновационного цикла «Разработка и внедрение комплекса технологий в областях разведки и добычи твердых полезных ископаемых, обеспечения промышленной безопасности, биоремедиации, создания новых продуктов глубокой переработки из угольного сырья при последовательном снижении экологической нагрузки на окружающую среду и рисков для жизни населения» («Чистый уголь – зеленый Кузбасс»), мероприятие 3.1 «Экополигон мирового уровня технологий рекультивации и ремедиации». При финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (соглашение № 075-15-2022-1200 от 28.09.2022 г.). The research was part of a comprehensive scientific innovative program initiated by Russian Federation Government Decree No. 1144-r, May 11, 2022: Developing and implementing new technologies in the E&P of solid minerals, industrial safety, bioremediation, and product development of deep coal processing: a consistent reduction of environmental impact and hazards (Clean Coal – Green Kuzbass), Stage 3.1: An ecological test-site of world-class reclamation and remediation technologies (Agreement No. 075-15-2022-1200, September 28, 2022).

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