Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Техника и технология пищевых производств 2074-9414 2313-1748 92580 10.21603/2074-9414-2024-4-2542 ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ ORIGINAL ARTICLE ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ Morphohistological Structure of Liver in Wild Deer (Cervidae) as Indicator of Population Well-Being Морфогистологическая структура печени оленевых (Cervidae) как индикатор благополучия их популяций https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-3712 Перевозчикова Мария Александровна Perevozchikova Maria A. mperevozchikova@mail.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9938-4769 Окулова Ираида Ивановна Okulova Iraida I. labvet@mail.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9461-5131 Сергеев Алексей Анатольевич Sergeev Alexey A. metalbird@mail.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1633-1341 Домский Игорь Александрович Domsky Igor A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4549-5727 Ширяев Валерий Владимирович Shiryaev Valery V. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8261-5783 Дворников Михаил Григорьевич Dvornikov Mikhail G. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5627-2192 Зарубин Борис Евгеньевич Zarubin Boris E. Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт охотничьего хозяйства и звероводства имени профессора Б. М. Житкова Киров Россия Russian Game Management and Fur Farming Research Institute Kirov Russian Federation Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт охотничьего хозяйства и звероводства имени профессора Б. М. Житкова Киров Россия Russian Game Management and Fur Farming Research Institute Kirov Russian Federation Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт охотничьего хозяйства и звероводства имени профессора Б. М. Житкова Киров Россия Russian Game Management and Fur Farming Research Institute Kirov Russian Federation Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт охотничьего хозяйства и звероводства имени профессора Б. М. Житкова Киров Россия Professor Zhitkov Russian Research Institute of Game Management and Fur Farming Kirov Russian Federation Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт охотничьего хозяйства и звероводства имени профессора Б. М. Житкова Киров Россия Professor Zhitkov Russian Research Institute of Game Management and Fur Farming Kirov Russian Federation Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт охотничьего хозяйства и звероводства имени профессора Б. М. Житкова Киров Россия Russian Game Management and Fur Farming Research Institute Kirov Russian Federation Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт охотничьего хозяйства и звероводства имени профессора Б. М. Житкова Киров Россия Russian Game Management and Fur Farming Research Institute Kirov Russian Federation 24 12 2024 24 12 2024 54 4 756 780 11 04 2024 02 07 2024 https://fptt.ru/en/issues/23109/23141/

Дикие копытные животные являются подходящими объектами экологического мониторинга в части состояния и каче- ства окружающей среды. На примере представителей семейства оленьих рассмотрена возможность применения морфоло- гических и гистологических структур печени для оценки благополучия популяций, существующих в условиях действия неблагоприятных экологических факторов антропогенного и природного происхождения. Гистологическим методом исследованы образцы печени трех видов диких копытных животных – благородного оленя (Cervus elaphus, Linnaeus, 1758), пятнистого оленя (Cervus nippon, Temminck, 1837) и лани (Dama dama, Linnaeus, 1758), добытых в процессе охоты в зимний период по разрешениям на научный отстрел на территории двух неграничащих рай- онов Смоленской области. Гистосрезы изучали с помощью микроскопа MEIJI TECHNO с использованием программного обеспечения Vision Bio (Epi). Статистическую обработку проводили общепринятыми методами с применением корреля- ционного и однофакторного дисперсионного анализа. Нулевую гипотезу отклоняли на уровне значимости менее 0,05. Результаты исследования продемонстрировали, что в качестве индикаторов пригодны показатели структуры печеночных балок, кровеносных сосудов, очагов некроза, воспалений. На уровне клеток можно оценить количество в поле зрения, структуру, форму и соотношение одно-, двуядерных гепатоцитов, их ядер и цитоплазмы. Диагностическое значение могут иметь площади клеток, ядер, цитоплазмы, значение ядерно-цитоплазматического индекса. По ряду параметров имеются половозрастные отличия. Выявлены достоверные взаимосвязи изучаемых показателей. У животных, обитающих в территориально неграничащих районах, установлена сходная гистологическая картина с присутствием патологических трансформаций, включая некротические очаги, появление двуядерных гепатоцитов. Выявлены нарушения структуры печеночных балок и микроциркуляторного русла. Полученные результаты направлены на решение актуальной научной проблемы оценки благополучия популяций хозяй- ственно важных видов животных в зависимости от условий окружающей природной среды. Создание системы экологи- ческого мониторинга, в котором дикие копытные животные могут рассматриваться как биологические индикаторы этой оценки, поможет усовершенствовать систему наблюдения за состоянием биоты и ее качественными параметрами, обеспечить благополучие поголовья и высокое качество получаемой продукции. Полученные значения гистоморфометрических показателей могут быть использованы для формирования референтных значений в градиенте норма – патология.

Wild ungulates are a convenient object for environmental monitoring. The authors used the histological structures in deer’s liver to assess the well-being of populations in unfavorable anthropogenic and natural habitats. The research featured liver tissues of red deer (Cervus elaphus), sika deer (Cervus nippon), and fallow deer (Dama dama). The histosections were examined in a MEIJI TECHNO microscope using the Vision Bio (Epi) software. The statistical processing involved traditional methods using the correlation and one-factor analysis of variance. The null hypothesis was rejected at an ingenuity level of ≤ 0.05. The structure of the hepatic plates, blood vessels, foci of necrosis, and inflammation proved suitable as indicators. The cell count, structure, shape, ratio of mono- and binuclear hepatocytes, as well as their nuclei and cytoplasm, were assessed by microscope. The areas of cells, nuclei, and cytoplasm, as well as the value of the nuclear-cytoplasmic index, demonstrated diagnostic significance. A number of parameters depended on age and sex. The indicators demonstrated reliable correlations. The animals had a similar histological picture, even when the samples were obtained from geographically separated areas. The samples showed pathological transformations, including necrotic foci and binucleate hepatocytes. The structure and microvasculature of hepatic plates were disturbed. Well-being assessment is a relevant issue for populations of economically important animal species. An environmental monitoring system with wild ungulates as biological indicators could improve the monitoring system for the state of biota and its qualitative parameters, as well as ensure the well-being of the livestock and the high quality of the resulting products. The obtained histomorphometric parameters can be used as reference values in the norm-pathology gradient.

 Благородный олень пятнистый олень лань печень гистопатология морфология гепатоцит индикаторы Red deer (Cervus elaphus) sika deer (Cervus nippon) fallow deer (Dama dama) liver histopathology morphology hepatocyte indicators Работы выполнены в 2023 году во Всероссийском научно-исследовательском институте охотничьего хозяйства и звероводства им. проф. Б. М. Житкова (г. Киров) в соответствии с Программой фундаментальных науч- ных исследований в Российской Федерации на долгосрочный период (2021–2030 гг.), утвержденной распоряжением Правительства Российской Федерации от 31 декабря 2020 г. № 3684-р, составляющей основу Государственного задания института (тема «Совершенствование научных основ устойчивого использования, методов оценки, мониторинга и прогноза динамики биологических ресурсов охотничьего хозяйства» (№ FNWS-2022-0001)).

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