Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Техника и технология пищевых производств 2074-9414 2313-1748 84862 10.21603/2074-9414-2024-2-2513 ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ ORIGINAL ARTICLE ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ Beliy Zhemchug Activated Complex: Effect on Quality and Yield of Commercial Apples after Long-Term Storage Действие органоминерального комплекса «Белый Жемчуг» на качество и выход товарных плодов яблони после длительного хранения https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1730-4073 Ожерельева Зоя Евгеньевна Ozherelieva Zoya E. ozherelieva@orel.vniispk.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4627-6451 Никитин Андрей Леонидович Nikitin Andrej L. nikitin@vniispk.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9097-8042 Прудников Павел Сергеевич Prudnikov Pavel S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2868-323X Ветрова Оксана Альфредовна Vetrova Oksana A. Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт селекции плодовых культур п/о Жилина Россия Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding Zhilina Russian Federation Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт селекции плодовых культур п/о Жилина Россия Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding Zhilina Russian Federation Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт селекции плодовых культур п/о Жилина Россия Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding Zhilina Russian Federation Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт селекции плодовых культур п/о Жилина Россия Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding Zhilina Russian Federation 03 07 2024 03 07 2024 54 2 358 368 07 07 2023 03 10 2023 https://fptt.ru/en/issues/22705/22688/

При выращивании яблони одним из наиболее перспективных способов повышения качества плодовой продукции является использование биопрепаратов. В связи с этим изучение влияния новых органоминеральных смесей на товарно-потребительские качества плодов яблони является актуальным. Цель исследования – изучить влияние некорневой обработки органоминеральной смесью на химический состав и физиологические расстройства (загар и горькая ямчатость) яблок и повышение выхода товарных плодов после длительного хранения. Объектом исследования являлись биопрепараты, представляющие собой природный растительный комплекс «Белый Жемчуг». Варианты опыта: № 1 – контроль (без обработки) и № 2 – некорневая обработка (1 % раствор «Белый Жемчуг Универсальный Антифриз» + 1 % раствор «Белый Жемчуг Дрип Са + Mg»). Изучили действие испытуемых препаратов на химический состав и товарно-потребительские качества плодов сорта яблони Синап Орловский после длительного хранения. Хранили плоды в холодильном шкафу ШХ CV114-S при температурном режиме +2 °С и относительной влажности воздуха 85–90 %. Некорневые обработки органоминеральной смесью природного растительного комплекса «Белый Жемчуг» существенно не повлияли на содержание растворимых сухих веществ, суммы сахаров, титруемых кислот и аскорбиновой кислоты в плодах сорта яблони Синап Орловский в съемной зрелости. Выявили влияние на химический состав плодов яблони метеоусловий за месяц до съема урожая. Некорневые обработки увеличили в 1,62 раз выход товарных плодов опытного сорта Синап Орловский после продолжительного хранения, а также в 1,9 раз снизили поражение загаром, в 2,6 раз горькой ямчатостью и в 1,9 раз монилиозом плодов. Проведенные испытания новых органоминеральных удобрений линии природного растительного комплекса «Белый Жемчуг» показывают высокую эффективность их использования в качестве дополнительных приемов в традиционных технологиях возделывания яблони и рекомендуются для повышения качества и выхода товарных плодов после длительного хранения.

Biological fertilizers improve fruit quality; for instance, organomineral, or activated mixes are known to increase consumer qualities of apples. This article describes the effect of a new activated complex (non-root treatment) on the yield, chemical composition, and physiological disorders, e.g., scald and brown spot, of commercial apples after long-term storage. The research featured the natural activated complex of the Beliy Zhemchug (White Pearl) brand. The apple trees were divided into two groups: 1 – untreated control trees; 2 – trees that underwent a non-root treatment with the activated complex (1% solution of its Antifreeze variant + 1% solution of the Drip Ca + Mg variant). The trees belonged to the Sinap Orlovskiy cultivar, which is highly susceptible to brown spot and scald, both in the orchard and during long-term storage. The apples were studied for chemical composition and consumer qualities after long-term storage in a CV114-S refrigerator at +2°C and a relative humidity of 85–90%. The non-root treatment of apple trees with the Beliy Zhemchug activated complex had no significant effect on the content of soluble solids, total sugars, titrated acids, and ascorbic acid in ripe apples. Weather conditions affected the chemical composition 30 days before harvesting. The non-root treatment increased the yield of commercial apples by 1.62 times after long-time storage. The scald, brown spot, and moniliosis damage decreased by 1.9, 2.6, and 1.9 times, respectively. The activated fertilizers of the Beliy Zhemchug brand proved highly efficient as additional techniques in common apple cultivation and could be recommended to improve the quality and yield of commercial fruits after long-term storage.

 Садоводство яблоня химический состав хранение физиологические расстройства загар горькая ямчатость Horticulture apple trees chemical composition storage phys iological disorders scald bitter pitting Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (Минобрнауки России) и тематического плана Всероссийского научно-исследовательского инсти- тута селекции плодовых культур (ВНИИСПК) «Создание новых конкурентоспособных, адаптивных сортов семечковых культур с использованием инновационных методов селекции и разработка экологически безопасных элементов технологии выращивания и переработки» (FGZS-2022-0008). The research was part of state assignment from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Minobrnauki) to the Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK), research topic: New competitive and adaptive varieties of pome fruits obtained by innovative and environmentally friendly breeding, cultivation, and processing (FGZS-2022-0008).

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