Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Техника и технология пищевых производств 2074-9414 2313-1748 84830 10.21603/2074-9414-2024-2-2507 ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ ORIGINAL ARTICLE ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ Gas Mass Spectrometry of Industrial Yogurts Газовый масс-спектрометрический анализ промышленных йогуртов https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-5213 Сибирцев Владимир Станиславович Sibircev Vladimir S. vs1969r@mail.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4951-3301 Кузьмин Алексей Георгиевич Kuzmin Alexey G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4205-9620 Титов Юрий Алексеевич Titov Yuri A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5299-2561 Зайцева Анна Юрьевна Zaitseva Anna Yu. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7230-575X Шерстнёв Владислав Владимирович Sherstnev Vladislav V. Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет Санкт-Петербург Россия Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University St. Petersburg Russian Federation Институт аналитического приборостроения РАН Санкт-Петербург Россия Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS St. Petersburg Russian Federation Институт аналитического приборостроения РАН Санкт-Петербург Россия Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS St. Petersburg Russian Federation Институт аналитического приборостроения РАН Санкт-Петербург Россия Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS St. Petersburg Russian Federation Институт аналитического приборостроения РАН Санкт-Петербург Россия Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS St. Petersburg Russian Federation Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет Санкт-Петербург Россия Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University St. Petersburg Russian Federation 03 07 2024 03 07 2024 54 2 285 297 28 09 2023 09 01 2024 https://fptt.ru/en/issues/22705/22680/

Молочная продукция является одной из основных составляющих в питании населения. Поэтому контроль качества и безопасности данной продукции имеет большее значение. Одним из эффективных инструментов такого контроля является масс-спектрометрия. Цель работы заключалась в исследовании возможности применения газового масс-спектрометрического анализа для оценки состава и качества образцов различной молочной продукции на примере промышленных йогуртов. Объектами исследования являлись 11 образцов «свежих» и «ускоренно просроченных» йогуртов с разными пищевыми добавками. Состав и качество данных образцов оценивали с помощью разработанного в ИАП РАН малогабаритного квадрупольного газового масс-спектрометра МС7-200 с ионизацией «электронным ударом». При этом использовали методику отбора газовых выделений анализируемых образцов и используемых для их упаковки материалов, а также методику «ускоренного закисления» образцов. Проводили «интеллектуальную» математическую обработку полученных данных с использованием методов многомерного статистического анализа. В ходе исследования вышеупомянутые образцы удалось достоверно дифференцировать (по соотношениям интенсивностей пиков при m/z = 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 84, 85 и 88 Да на масс-спектрах испарений этих образцов) не только по степени их «свежести», но и по составу и качеству использованных при изготовлении этих образцов микробиологических заквасок, молочного сырья, пищевых добавок, упаковочных материалов и т. п. При этом, исходя из оценки интенсивностей пиков в масс-спектрах испарений материалов, использованных для упаковки анализируемой продукции, был выявлен ряд упаковок, изготовленных из материалов низкого качества с повышенной потенциальной токсичностью. Таким образом, газовая масс-спектрометрия, дополненная специально разработанными нами для анализа молочной продукции методиками (методикой отбора газовых выделений анализируемых образцов и используемых для их упаковки материалов, методикой «ускоренного закисления» образцов, методикой «интеллектуальной» математической обработки получаемых данных и т. д.), обладая целым рядом преимуществ (экспрессностью, высокой чувствительностью, селективностью и экономичностью анализа, доступностью для широкого применения и т. д.), может эффективно применяться для контроля состава и качества молочной продукции, а также материалов, использованных для упаковки этой продукции.

Food safety and quality are especially important in the dairy industry. Mass spectrometry is an effective tool of state control in this sphere. The research objective was to study the prospects for gas mass spectrometry with smart mathematical processing in assessing the composition and quality of dairy products. The study featured 11 samples of fresh and acidified yoghurts from different manufacturers and with various starters, functional food additives, etc. These samples and their packaging were evaluated using a small-sized quadrupole gas mass spectrometer MS7-200 with electron impact ionization developed at the Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences. The data obtained were mathematically processed by the method of principal components. Based on the ratios of peak intensities at m/z = 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 84, 85, and 88 Da, the fresh and expired samples were classified not only by the degree of freshness, but also by the composition and quality of the microbiological starters, raw materials, food additives, etc. In addition, some packaging materials proved to be of poor quality. In this study, the method of gas mass spectrometry was supplemented by the authentic methods for selecting gas emissions from yoghurts and packaging, accelerated acidification, and smart mathematical processing. The approach proved to be time-saving, sensitive, selective, available, and cost-effective. As a result, it demonstrated good potential as a means to control the composition and quality of dairy products and their packaging.

 Молочная продукция йогурты пищевые добавки упаковочные материалы контроль качества масс-спектрометрия метод главных компонент полиэтилентерефталат Dairy products yoghurts food additives packaging materials mass spectrometry quality control principal component method polyethylene terephthalate Эта работа выполнялась в ИАП РАН в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (Минобрнауки России) № 075-01157-23-00. The research was conducted on the premises of the Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS as part of state assignment from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Minobrnauki) No. 075-01157-23-00.

Усенко Н. И., Яковлева Л. А., Отмахова Ю. С. Информационная асимметрия и особенности потребительского поведения на рынке молочной продукции // Техника и технология пищевых производств. 2016. Т. 41. № 2. С. 156–163. https://www.elibrary.ru/TWZOQF Usenko NI, Yakovleva LM, Otmakhova YuS. Information asymmetry and consumer behavior in the market of dairy products. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2016;41(2):156–163. (In Russ.). https://www.elibrary.ru/TWZOQF Shemchuk MA, Komarcheva OS, Shadrin VG. Marketing communication barriers and how to overcome them. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2023;53(2):294–308. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2023-2-2433; https://www.elibrary.ru/VLDPOJ Shemchuk MA, Komarcheva OS, Shadrin VG. Marketing communication barriers and how to overcome them. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2023;53(2):294–308. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2023-2-2433; https://www.elibrary.ru/VLDPOJ Komarova ON, Havkin AI. Cultured milk foods in children’s nutrition: Nutritional and biological value. Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics. 2017;62(5):80–86. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2017-62-5-80-86; https://www.elibrary.ru/ZRPYMB Komarova ON, Havkin AI. Cultured milk foods in children’s nutrition: Nutritional and biological value. Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics. 2017;62(5):80–86. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2017-62-5-80-86; https://www.elibrary.ru/ZRPYMB Shiby VK, Mishra HN. Fermented milks and milk products as functional foods – A review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2013;53(5):482–496. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2010.547398 Shiby VK, Mishra HN. Fermented milks and milk products as functional foods – A review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2013;53(5):482–496. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2010.547398 Amarowicz R. Squalene: A natural antioxidant? European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology. 2009;111(5):411–412. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200900102 Amarowicz R. Squalene: A natural antioxidant? European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology. 2009;111(5):411–412. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200900102 Асафов В. А., Танькова Н. Л., Искакова Е. Л. Функциональный высокобелковый напиток с гидролизатом казеина и белковыми фракциями молозива // Инновации и продовольственная безопасность. 2018. Т. 20. № 2. С. 51–54. https://www.elibrary.ru/XOVJNB Asafov VA, Tankova HL, Iskakova EL. Functional high protein drink with casein hydrolysate and protein fractions of colostrum. Innovations and Food Safety. 2018;20(2):51–54. (In Russ.). https://www.elibrary.ru/XOVJNB Donskaya GA, Drozhzhin VM, Bryzgalina VV. Fermented drinks supplemented with whey proteins and water-soluble antioxidants. Vestnik of MSTU. Scientific Journal of Murmansk State Technical University. 2018;21(3):471–480. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2018-21-3-471-480; https://www.elibrary.ru/YLAMAX Donskaya GA, Drozhzhin VM, Bryzgalina VV. Fermented drinks supplemented with whey proteins and water-soluble antioxidants. Vestnik of MSTU. Scientific Journal of Murmansk State Technical University. 2018;21(3):471–480. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2018-21-3-471-480; https://www.elibrary.ru/YLAMAX Zobkova ZS, Fursova TP, Zenina DV, Gavrilina AD, Shelaginova IR, Drozhin VM. Selection of the sources of biologically active substances for functional fermented milk products. Dairy Industry. 2018;(3):59–62. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31515/1019-8946-2018-3-59-62; https://www.elibrary.ru/YORRFF Zobkova ZS, Fursova TP, Zenina DV, Gavrilina AD, Shelaginova IR, Drozhin VM. Selection of the sources of biologically active substances for functional fermented milk products. Dairy Industry. 2018;(3):59–62. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31515/1019-8946-2018-3-59-62; https://www.elibrary.ru/YORRFF Vásquez-Mazo P, Loredo AG, Ferrario M, Guerrero S. Development of a novel milk processing to produce yogurt with improved quality. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 2019;12:964–975. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-019-02269-z Vásquez-Mazo P, Loredo AG, Ferrario M, Guerrero S. Development of a novel milk processing to produce yogurt with improved quality. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 2019;12:964–975. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-019-02269-z Agarkova EYu, Ryazantseva KA, Kruchinin AG. Anti-diabetic activity of whey proteins. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2020;50(2):306–318. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2020-2-306-318; https://www.elibrary.ru/NJTHXE Agarkova EYu, Ryazantseva KA, Kruchinin AG. Anti-diabetic activity of whey proteins. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2020;50(2):306–318. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2020-2-306-318; https://www.elibrary.ru/NJTHXE Yankovskaya VS, Dunchenko NI, Mikhaylova KV. New structured dairy products based on quality complaints and risk qualimetry. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2022;52(1):2–12. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2022-1-2-12; https://www.elibrary.ru/HMLJKW Yankovskaya VS, Dunchenko NI, Mikhaylova KV. New structured dairy products based on quality complaints and risk qualimetry. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2022;52(1):2–12. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2022-1-2-12; https://www.elibrary.ru/HMLJKW Wishart DS. Metabolomics: Applications to food science and nutrition research. Trends in Food Science and Technology. 2008;19(9):482–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2008.03.003 Wishart DS. Metabolomics: Applications to food science and nutrition research. Trends in Food Science and Technology. 2008;19(9):482–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2008.03.003 Sibirtsev VS. Fluorescent DNA probes: Study of mechanisms of changes in spectral properties and features of practical application. Biochemistry (Moscow). 2007;7:887–900. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297907080111 Sibirtsev VS. Fluorescent DNA probes: Study of mechanisms of changes in spectral properties and features of practical application. Biochemistry (Moscow). 2007;7:887–900. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297907080111 Sibirtsev VS, Naumov IA, Kuprina EE, Olekhnovich RO. Use of impedance biotesting to assess the actions of pharmaceutical compounds on the growth of microorganisms. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal. 2016;50:481–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11094-016-1473-3 Sibirtsev VS, Naumov IA, Kuprina EE, Olekhnovich RO. Use of impedance biotesting to assess the actions of pharmaceutical compounds on the growth of microorganisms. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal. 2016;50:481–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11094-016-1473-3 Duan Y, Wang L, Gao Z, Wang H, Zhang H, Li H. An aptamer-based effective method for highly sensitive detection of chloramphenicol residues in animal-sourced food using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Talanta. 2017;165:671–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2016.12.090 Duan Y, Wang L, Gao Z, Wang H, Zhang H, Li H. An aptamer-based effective method for highly sensitive detection of chloramphenicol residues in animal-sourced food using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Talanta. 2017;165:671–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2016.12.090 Sibirtsev VS. Biological test methods based on fluorometric genome analysis. Journal of Optical Technology. 2017;84(11):787–791. http://doi.org/10.1364/JOT.84.000787 Sibirtsev VS. Biological test methods based on fluorometric genome analysis. Journal of Optical Technology. 2017;84(11):787–791. http://doi.org/10.1364/JOT.84.000787 Xie Y, Hu Q, Zhao M, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Qian H, et al. Simultaneous determination of erythromycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol residue in raw milk by molecularly imprinted polymer mixed with solid-phase extraction. Food Analytical Methods. 2018;11:374–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-1008-x Xie Y, Hu Q, Zhao M, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Qian H, et al. Simultaneous determination of erythromycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol residue in raw milk by molecularly imprinted polymer mixed with solid-phase extraction. Food Analytical Methods. 2018;11:374–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-1008-x Kokina MS, Frioui M, Shamtsyan MM, Sibirtsev VS, Krasnikova LV, Konusova VG, et al. Influence of pleurotus ostreatus β-glucans on the growth and activity of certain lactic acid bacteria. Scientific Study and Research: Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, Food Industry. 2018;19(4):465–471. Kokina MS, Frioui M, Shamtsyan MM, Sibirtsev VS, Krasnikova LV, Konusova VG, et al. Influence of pleurotus ostreatus β-glucans on the growth and activity of certain lactic acid bacteria. Scientific Study and Research: Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, Food Industry. 2018;19(4):465–471. Юрова Е. А. Особенность контроля молочной продукции по показателям качества и безопасности // Переработка молока. 2019. Т. 234. № 4. С. 6–9. https://www.elibrary.ru/KLXMWE Yurova EA. Controlling dairy quality and safety. Milk processing. 2019;234(4):6–9. (In Russ.). https://www.elibrary.ru/KLXMWE Sibirtsev VS, Uspenskaya MV, Garabadgiu AV, Shvets VI. An integrated method of instrumental microbiotesting of environmental safety of various products, wastes, and territories. Doklady Biological Sciences. 2019;485:59–61. https://doi.org/10.1134/S001249661902011X Sibirtsev VS, Uspenskaya MV, Garabadgiu AV, Shvets VI. An integrated method of instrumental microbiotesting of environmental safety of various products, wastes, and territories. Doklady Biological Sciences. 2019;485:59–61. https://doi.org/10.1134/S001249661902011X Sibirtsev VS, Garabadgiu AV, Shvets VI. New method of integrated photofluorescence microbiotesting. Doklady Biological Sciences. 2019;489:196–199. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0012496619060103 Sibirtsev VS, Garabadgiu AV, Shvets VI. New method of integrated photofluorescence microbiotesting. Doklady Biological Sciences. 2019;489:196–199. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0012496619060103 Chiesa LM, DeCastelli L, Nobile M, Martucci F, Mosconi G, Fontana M, et al. Analysis of antibiotic residues in raw bovine milk and their impact toward food safety and on milk starter cultures in cheese-making process. LWT. 2020;131:109783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109783 Chiesa LM, DeCastelli L, Nobile M, Martucci F, Mosconi G, Fontana M, et al. Analysis of antibiotic residues in raw bovine milk and their impact toward food safety and on milk starter cultures in cheese-making process. LWT. 2020;131:109783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109783 Sibirtsev VS, Nechiporenko UYu. Method of electrochemical biotesting for comparative analysis of probiotic and antibiotic properties of various plant extracts. Fine Chemical Technologies. (In Russ.). 2020;15(6):34–43. https://doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2020-15-6-34-43; https://www.elibrary.ru/QLRRRX Sibirtsev VS, Nechiporenko UYu. Method of electrochemical biotesting for comparative analysis of probiotic and antibiotic properties of various plant extracts. Fine Chemical Technologies. (In Russ.). 2020;15(6):34–43. https://doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2020-15-6-34-43; https://www.elibrary.ru/QLRRRX Sibirtsev VS, Nechiporenko UYu, Kabanov VL, Kukin MYu. Electrochemical and optical microbiological testing: A comparative study on properties of essential oils. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2020;50(4):650–659. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2020-4-650-659; https://www.elibrary.ru/GKIXML Sibirtsev VS, Nechiporenko UYu, Kabanov VL, Kukin MYu. Electrochemical and optical microbiological testing: A comparative study on properties of essential oils. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2020;50(4):650–659. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2020-4-650-659; https://www.elibrary.ru/GKIXML Mou SA, Islam R, Shoeb M, Nahar N. Determination of chloramphenicol in meat samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Science and Nutrition. 2021;9(10):5670–5675. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2530 Mou SA, Islam R, Shoeb M, Nahar N. Determination of chloramphenicol in meat samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Science and Nutrition. 2021;9(10):5670–5675. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2530 Wu S-W, Ko J-L, Liu B-H, Yu F-Y. A sensitive two-analyte immunochromatographic strip for simultaneously detecting aflatoxin M1 and chloramphenicol in milk. Toxins. 2020;12(10):637. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12100637 Wu S-W, Ko J-L, Liu B-H, Yu F-Y. A sensitive two-analyte immunochromatographic strip for simultaneously detecting aflatoxin M1 and chloramphenicol in milk. Toxins. 2020;12(10):637. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12100637 Zhao M, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang B, Zheng L, et al. Rapid quantitative detection of chloramphenicol in milk by microfluidic immunoassay. Food Chemistry. 2021;339:127857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127857 Zhao M, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang B, Zheng L, et al. Rapid quantitative detection of chloramphenicol in milk by microfluidic immunoassay. Food Chemistry. 2021;339:127857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127857 Vuran B, Ulusoy HI, Sarp G, Yilmaz E, Morgül U, Kabir A, et al. Determination of chloramphenicol and tetracycline residues in milk samples by means of nanofiber coated magnetic particles prior to high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. Talanta. 2021;230:122307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122307 Vuran B, Ulusoy HI, Sarp G, Yilmaz E, Morgül U, Kabir A, et al. Determination of chloramphenicol and tetracycline residues in milk samples by means of nanofiber coated magnetic particles prior to high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. Talanta. 2021;230:122307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122307 Kurchenko VP, Simonenko ES, Sushynskaya NV, Halavach TN, Petrov AN, Simonenko SV. HPLC identification of mare’s milk and its mix with cow’s milk. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2021;51(2):402–412. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2021-2-402-412; https://www.elibrary.ru/SMTJTY Kurchenko VP, Simonenko ES, Sushynskaya NV, Halavach TN, Petrov AN, Simonenko SV. HPLC identification of mare’s milk and its mix with cow’s milk. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2021;51(2):402–412. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2021-2-402-412; https://www.elibrary.ru/SMTJTY Chaplygina OS, Prosekov AYu, Vesnina AD. Determining the residual amount of amphenicol antibiotics in milk and dairy products. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2022;52(1):79–88. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2022-1-79-88; https://www.elibrary.ru/JOHIFZ Chaplygina OS, Prosekov AYu, Vesnina AD. Determining the residual amount of amphenicol antibiotics in milk and dairy products. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2022;52(1):79–88. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2022-1-79-88; https://www.elibrary.ru/JOHIFZ Anan'eva EP, Bogdanova OYu, Gurina SV, Sibirtsev VS. Using a conductometric method in microbiological control of natural excipients. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal. 2022;56:872–876. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11094-022-02721-z Anan'eva EP, Bogdanova OYu, Gurina SV, Sibirtsev VS. Using a conductometric method in microbiological control of natural excipients. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal. 2022;56:872–876. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11094-022-02721-z Методика электрохимического микробиологического тестирования в применении к сравнительному анализу свойств различных растительных экстрактов / В. С. Сибирцев [и др.] // Журнал Сибирского федерального университета. Серия: Биология. 2023. Т. 16. № 1. С. 109–124. https://www.elibrary.ru/ZZYKWQ Sibirtsev VS, Nechiporenko UYu, Kabanov VL, Kukin MYu, Radin MA. The procedure of electrochemical microbiological assay for comparative analysis of the properties of various plant extracts. Journal of Siberian Federal University. Biology. 2023;16(1):109–124. (In Russ.). https://www.elibrary.ru/ZZYKWQ Муратшин А. М., Шмаков В. С., Тырсин Ю. А. Определение природы этанола методом хромато-масс-спектрометрии // Пиво и напитки. 2005. № 6. С. 40–42. https://www.elibrary.ru/NDULCC Muratshin AM, Shmakov VS, Tyrsin YuA. Determination of nature of ethanol by method of chromato-mass-spectral analysis. Beer and Beverages. 2005;(6):40–42. (In Russ.). https://www.elibrary.ru/NDULCC Мильман Б. Л., Конопелько Л. А. Современная масс-спектрометрия: пропорции развития // Масс-спектрометрия. 2006. Т. 3. № 4. С. 271–276. https://www.elibrary.ru/HVISDH Milman BL, Konopel'ko LA. Modern mass spectrometry: Proportions of developments. Mass-spektrometria. 2006;3(4):271–276. https://www.elibrary.ru/HVISDH Dass C. Fundamentals of contemporary mass spectrometry. John Wiley & Sons; 2007. 610 p. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470118490 Dass C. Fundamentals of contemporary mass spectrometry. John Wiley & Sons; 2007. 610 p. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470118490 Mil’man BL, Zhurkovich IK. Mass spectrometric analysis of medical samples and aspects of clinical diagnostics. Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2015;70:1179–1191. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934815100135 Mil’man BL, Zhurkovich IK. Mass spectrometric analysis of medical samples and aspects of clinical diagnostics. Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2015;70:1179–1191. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934815100135 Метод масс-спектрометрической экспресс-диагностики по составу выдыхаемого воздуха / А. Г. Кузьмин [и др.] // Медицинский академический журнал. 2016. Т. 16. № 4. С. 106–107. https://www.elibrary.ru/XWQLQB Kuzʹmin AG, Tkachenko EI, Oreshko LS, Titov YuA, Balabanov AS. Method of mass spectrometric express diagnostics based on the composition of exhaled air. Medical Academic Journal. 2016;16(4):106–107. (In Russ.). https://www.elibrary.ru/XWQLQB Manoilov VV, Kuzmin AG, Titov UA. Extraction of information attributes from the mass spectrometric signals of air. Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2016;71:1301–1308. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934816140094 Manoilov VV, Kuzmin AG, Titov UA. Extraction of information attributes from the mass spectrometric signals of air. Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2016;71:1301–1308. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934816140094 Lu H, Zhang H, Chingin K, Xiong J, Fang X, Chen H. Ambient mass spectrometry for food science and industry. TrAC – Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 2018;107:99–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2018.07.017 Lu H, Zhang H, Chingin K, Xiong J, Fang X, Chen H. Ambient mass spectrometry for food science and industry. TrAC – Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 2018;107:99–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2018.07.017 Возможности масс-спектрометрического контроля качества молочной продукции на примере промышленных йогуртов с различными добавками / В. С. Сибирцев [и др.] // Научное приборостроение. 2023. Т. 33. № 4. С. 101–110. https://www.elibrary.ru/UCSGXO Sibirtsev VS, Kuzmin AG, Titov YuA, Zanevskaya MYu, Zaitseva AYu. Possibilities of mass spectrometric quality control of dairy products on the example of industrial yoghurts with various additives. Scientific Instrumentation. 2023;33(4):101–110. (In Russ.). https://www.elibrary.ru/UCSGXO Методы обработки и исследование возможностей классификации масс-спектров выдыхаемых газов / В. В. Манойлов [и др.] // Научное приборостроение. 2019. Т. 29. № 1. С. 106–111. https://www.elibrary.ru/ZCTQYP Manoilov VV, Kuzmin AG, Zarutskiy IV, Titov YuA, Samsonova NS. Methods of processing and investigation of the possibilities of classification of mass spectra of exhaled gases. Scientific Instrumentation. 2019;29(1):106–111. (In Russ.). https://www.elibrary.ru/ZCTQYP Manoilov VV, Novikov LV, Zarutskii IV, Kuz’min AG, Titov YuA. Methods for processing mass spectrometry signals from exhaled gases for medical diagnosis. Biomedical Engineering. 2020;53:355–359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10527-020-09942-0 Manoilov VV, Novikov LV, Zarutskii IV, Kuz’min AG, Titov YuA. Methods for processing mass spectrometry signals from exhaled gases for medical diagnosis. Biomedical Engineering. 2020;53:355–359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10527-020-09942-0 Факторный, дискриминантный и кластерный анализ / Дж.-О.Ким [и др.]. М.: Финансы и статистика, 1989. 215 с. Kim Dzh-O, Mʹyuller ChU, Klekka UR, Oldenderfer MS, Blehshfild RK. Factor, discriminant, and cluster analyses. Moscow: Finansy i statistika; 1989. 215 p. (In Russ.).