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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Foods and Raw Materials</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Foods and Raw Materials</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Foods and Raw Materials</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2308-4057</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2310-9599</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">71653</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21603/2308-4057-2024-2-606</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Research Article</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Research Article</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Research Article</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Plant proteases and anti-bacterial substances in Allium sativum L. varieties</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Plant proteases and anti-bacterial substances in Allium sativum L. varieties</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8277-6202</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Budianto</surname>
       <given-names>Budianto </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Budianto</surname>
       <given-names>Budianto </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>budianto_delta@yahoo.com</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8147-3349</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Arifin</surname>
       <given-names>Muh Jaenal </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Arifin</surname>
       <given-names>Muh Jaenal </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Naryani</surname>
       <given-names>Naryani </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Naryani</surname>
       <given-names>Naryani </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Sukmawati</surname>
       <given-names>Endah </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Sukmawati</surname>
       <given-names>Endah </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Suwaji</surname>
       <given-names>Suwaji </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Suwaji</surname>
       <given-names>Suwaji </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Wibowo</surname>
       <given-names>Tri Handoko Moedji </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Wibowo</surname>
       <given-names>Tri Handoko Moedji </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Luviana</surname>
       <given-names>Syahilla Vanda </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Luviana</surname>
       <given-names>Syahilla Vanda </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Putri</surname>
       <given-names>Lia Dekryt Vergiana </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Putri</surname>
       <given-names>Lia Dekryt Vergiana </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Institute Science and Technology Al-Kamal</institution>
     <city>Jakarta</city>
     <country>Индонезия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute Science and Technology Al-Kamal</institution>
     <city>Jakarta</city>
     <country>Indonesia</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">SMK Negeri 3 Madiun</institution>
     <city>Madiun City</city>
     <country>Индонезия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">SMK Negeri 3 Madiun</institution>
     <city>Madiun City</city>
     <country>Indonesia</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">SMK Negeri 3 Madiun</institution>
     <city>Madiun City</city>
     <country>Индонезия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">SMK Negeri 3 Madiun</institution>
     <city>Madiun City</city>
     <country>Indonesia</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">SMK Negeri 3 Madiun</institution>
     <city>Madiun City</city>
     <country>Индонезия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">SMK Negeri 3 Madiun</institution>
     <city>Madiun City</city>
     <country>Indonesia</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">SMK Negeri 3 Madiun</institution>
     <city>Madiun City</city>
     <country>Индонезия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">SMK Negeri 3 Madiun</institution>
     <city>Madiun City</city>
     <country>Indonesia</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-6">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">SMK Negeri 3 Madiun</institution>
     <city>Madiun City</city>
     <country>Индонезия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">SMK Negeri 3 Madiun</institution>
     <city>Madiun City</city>
     <country>Indonesia</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-7">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">SMK Negeri 3 Madiun</institution>
     <city>Madiun City</city>
     <country>Индонезия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">SMK Negeri 3 Madiun</institution>
     <city>Madiun City</city>
     <country>Indonesia</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-8">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">SMK Negeri 3 Madiun</institution>
     <city>Madiun City</city>
     <country>Индонезия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">SMK Negeri 3 Madiun</institution>
     <city>Madiun City</city>
     <country>Indonesia</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-04-09T12:18:09+03:00">
    <day>09</day>
    <month>04</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-04-09T12:18:09+03:00">
    <day>09</day>
    <month>04</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>12</volume>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>240</fpage>
   <lpage>248</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-05-12T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>12</day>
     <month>05</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-07-04T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>04</day>
     <month>07</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://jfrm.ru/en/issues/22111/22123/">https://jfrm.ru/en/issues/22111/22123/</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Allium sativum L. protease still remains largely understudied although new varieties of garlic appear quite often, e.g., lanang garlic. This study tested the antibacterial effect of garlic and the effectiveness of various A. sativum proteases as meat tenderizers. &#13;
The research involved powder extracts of four varieties of A. sativum: kating, lanang, black garlic, and sin-chung. The degradation kinetics was defined based on the Lineweaver-Burk equation. The degradation zones were measured using sodium dodecyl sulphate poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Scan electron microscopy served to test the changes in meat connective tissue.&#13;
Lanang demonstrated the largest inhibition zones against Escherichia coli (9.75 ± 0.15 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (1.04 mm). Sin-chung protease degraded beef protein with the highest Vmax of 0.1818 μg/μL/min at 10–22 KDa (small peptide, troponin C, and troponin I), 25–40 KDa (myosin light chain, troponin T, α- and β-tropomyosin, actin), and 100–140 KDa (protein C). The same garlic variety degraded mutton meat protein at 10–17 KDa (small peptide) and 25–40 KDa (myosin light chain, troponin T, α- and β-tropomyosin, actin) with Vmax of 0.1135 μg/μL/min.&#13;
All four A. sativum proteases proved to be quite effective meat tenderizers.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Allium sativum L. protease still remains largely understudied although new varieties of garlic appear quite often, e.g., lanang garlic. This study tested the antibacterial effect of garlic and the effectiveness of various A. sativum proteases as meat tenderizers. &#13;
The research involved powder extracts of four varieties of A. sativum: kating, lanang, black garlic, and sin-chung. The degradation kinetics was defined based on the Lineweaver-Burk equation. The degradation zones were measured using sodium dodecyl sulphate poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Scan electron microscopy served to test the changes in meat connective tissue.&#13;
Lanang demonstrated the largest inhibition zones against Escherichia coli (9.75 ± 0.15 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (1.04 mm). Sin-chung protease degraded beef protein with the highest Vmax of 0.1818 μg/μL/min at 10–22 KDa (small peptide, troponin C, and troponin I), 25–40 KDa (myosin light chain, troponin T, α- and β-tropomyosin, actin), and 100–140 KDa (protein C). The same garlic variety degraded mutton meat protein at 10–17 KDa (small peptide) and 25–40 KDa (myosin light chain, troponin T, α- and β-tropomyosin, actin) with Vmax of 0.1135 μg/μL/min.&#13;
All four A. sativum proteases proved to be quite effective meat tenderizers.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>Allium sativum protease</kwd>
    <kwd>lanang garlic</kwd>
    <kwd>kating garlic</kwd>
    <kwd>black garlic</kwd>
    <kwd>sin-chung garlic</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>Allium sativum protease</kwd>
    <kwd>lanang garlic</kwd>
    <kwd>kating garlic</kwd>
    <kwd>black garlic</kwd>
    <kwd>sin-chung garlic</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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