Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Техника и технология пищевых производств 2074-9414 2313-1748 70059 10.21603/2074-9414-2023-3-2459 ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ ORIGINAL ARTICLE ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ Seasonal Variations in the Biological Value of Kyrgyz Donkey’s Milk Proteins Сезонные изменения биологической ценности белков молока ослиц киргизской породы https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7620-9236 Турганбаева Надира Кадырбековна Turganbaeva Nadira K. nadira.turganbaeva@manas.edu.kg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4205-2875 Мусульманова Мукарама Мухамедовна Musulmanova Mukarama M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6168-8772 Кыдыралиев Нурудин Абдыназарович Kydyraliev Nurudin A. Кыргызско-Турецкий университет Манас Бишкек Киргизия Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University Bishkek Kyrgyzstan Кыргызский государственный технический университет им. И. Раззакова Бишкек Киргизия Razzakov Kyrgyz State Technical University Bishkek Kyrgyzstan Кыргызско-Турецкий университет Манас Бишкек Киргизия Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University Bishkek Kyrgyzstan 29 09 2023 29 09 2023 53 3 591 599 10 02 2023 02 05 2023 https://fptt.ru/en/issues/22025/22013/

Молоко ослиц – это полифункциональный продукт с антиоксидантной, противовоспалительной, омолаживающей, противомикробной и противоопухолевой активностями. Широкий спектр физиологических свойств обусловлен его белковым компонентом. Молоко ослиц киргизской породы в этом аспекте практически не изучено. Цель исследования – анализ аминокислотного профиля молока ослиц, обитающих в горной местности Кыргызстана, в зависимости от сезона года, а также оценка его биологической ценности. В исследовании использовали молоко ослиц киргизской породы, которых разводят в Чуйской области Кыргызстана. Образцы ослиного молока собирали в апреле, июле и сентябре. Аминокислотный состав белков молока определяли методом капиллярного электрофореза. Биологическую ценность белков оценивали по аминокислотному скору, индексу незаменимых аминокислот (индекс Осера), коэффициенту утилитарности незаменимых аминокислот и коэффициенту утилитарности аминокислотного состава. В белке молока ослиц киргизской породы выделили и идентифицировали 18 аминокислот, в том числе 8 незаменимых. Общее содержание аминокислот в весеннем молоке составило 1840,07 мг/100 г, летом этот показатель увеличился до 2037 мг/100 г (максимальное значение), а к осеннему периоду снизился до 1264,35 мг/100 г. Это связано с изменением рациона кормления. Отношение незаменимых аминокислот к заменимым близко к единице. Содержание аргинина в весеннем молоке ослиц более чем в 2,5 раза выше по сравнению с осенним. Около 1/3 незаменимых аминокислот составляют лейцин и изолейцин (322,60 ± 19,35 мг/100 г молока). В летнем молоке отмечено максимальное содержание других незаменимых аминокислот, кроме валина и триптофана, которые для ослиного молока являются лимитирующими в осенний период. Суммы незаменимых аминокислот в белке исследованного ослиного молока весеннего, летнего и осеннего удоя составили 54,24, 59,26 и 34,77 г/100 г соответственно, что превышает значение в эталонном белке (27,46 г/100 г). Белки молока ослиц киргизской породы характеризуются высокой биологической ценностью, независимо от сезона года. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о потенциальной возможности использования ослиного молока в составе новых продуктов функционального (специального) назначения.

Due to its protein component, donkey’s milk is a multifunctional product with a wide range of beneficial physiological properties. It is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, rejuvenating, antimicrobial, and antitumor effects. However, the milk of Kyrgyz donkeys has not received proper scientific attention in this respect. This study analyzed the seasonal amino acid profile and biological value of milk obtained from Kyrgyz donkeys. The donkeys belonged to the Kyrgyz breed and inhabited the highlands of the Chui Region, Republic of Kyrgyzstan. The sampling took place in April, July, and September. The amino acid composition of milk proteins was determined by capillary electrophoresis. The biological value of proteins was assessed by amino acid score, index of essential amino acids (Auxerre index), utility ratio of essential amino acids, and utility ratio of amino acid composition. The analysis revealed 18 amino acids, including eight essential ones. The total content of amino acids in the spring samples was 1840.07 mg/100 g. In the summer samples, this value peaked at 2037 mg/100 g; in autumn, it dropped to 1264.35 mg/100 g. The changes could be explained by the seasonal differences in the diet. The ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids approached 1:1. The milk also proved to contain arginine, which is an essential amino acid for a juvenile organism. In the spring samples, its content was 2.5 times as big as in the autumn ones. Leucine and isoleucine were responsible for 1/3 of the essential amino acids (322.60 ± 19.35 mg/100 g). The summer samples demonstrated the maximal content of some other essential amino acids, except for valine and tryptophan, which appeared to be the limiting essential amino acids for donkey’s milk in the autumn period. Total essential amino acids in the spring, summer, and autumn samples amounted to 54.24, 59.26, and 34.77 g/100 g, respectively, which exceeded the value for the reference protein (27.46 g/100 g). Kyrgyz donkey’s milk proteins were of high biological value, regardless of the season, which means that donkey’s milk can become part of new functional products.

 Ослиное молоко белок аминокислотный состав незаменимые аминокислоты аминокислотный скор функциональное питание Donkey’s milk protein amino acid composition essential amino acids amino acid score functional foods Исследование выполнено в рамках проекта, финансированного Министерством образования и науки Кыргызской Республики (номер гранта 007652). The study was part of a project supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Kyrgyz Republic (grant No. 007652).

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