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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Food Processing: Techniques and Technology</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Food Processing: Techniques and Technology</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Техника и технология пищевых производств</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2074-9414</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2313-1748</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">57775</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21603/2074-9414-2023-1-2426</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Hybrid Gel as a Substitute for Hard Fats in Confectionery</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Гибридный гель для замены твердых жиров в кондитерских изделиях</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2468-9725</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Куценкова</surname>
       <given-names>Василисса Сергеевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kutsenkova</surname>
       <given-names>Vasilissa S.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>vasilissakutsenkova@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-9202</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Неповинных</surname>
       <given-names>Наталия Владимировна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Nepovinnykh</surname>
       <given-names>Nataliia V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7467-4778</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Еганехзад</surname>
       <given-names>Самира Аббас</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Yeganehzad</surname>
       <given-names>Samira A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Саратовский государственный университет генетики, биотехнологии и инженерии имени Н. И. Вавилова</institution>
     <city>Саратов</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Vavilov Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering</institution>
     <city>Saratov</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Саратовский государственный университет генетики, биотехнологии и инженерии имени Н. И. Вавилова</institution>
     <city>Саратов</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Vavilov Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering</institution>
     <city>Saratov</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт пищевых наук и технологий</institution>
     <city>Мешхед</city>
     <country>Иран</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Food Science and Technology</institution>
     <city>Mashhad</city>
     <country>Iran</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-27T12:28:35+03:00">
    <day>27</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-27T12:28:35+03:00">
    <day>27</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>53</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>183</fpage>
   <lpage>191</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-05-13T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>13</day>
     <month>05</month>
     <year>2022</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-12-06T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>06</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2022</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://fptt.ru/en/issues/21374/21425/">https://fptt.ru/en/issues/21374/21425/</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Всемирной организацией здравоохранения рекомендовано ограничить потребление насыщенных жирных кислот. Однако прямая замена твердых жиров жидкими маслами может привести к изменению технологических и потребительских свойств пищевых продуктов. Целью работы являлась разработка гибридного геля, имеющего плотную структуру, на основе олеогеля и гидрогеля для замены насыщенных жиров в кондитерском полуфабрикате. &#13;
Объектами исследования являлись образцы олеогеля из подсолнечного масла и пчелиного воска в концентрации 10, 15 и 20 % и гибридные гели, приготовленные путем смешивания олеогеля с 2 %-ым водным раствором альгината натрия в соотношениях 99:1, 95:5 и 90:10. Текстурные свойства гелей (прочность, адгезионную прочность, индекс вязкости, консистенцию и модуль Юнга) исследовали на анализаторе текстуры TA-XT Plus (Stable Micro Systems Ltd., Великобритания), активность воды – на анализаторе активности воды LabMaster (Novasina, Lab Master, Швейцария). &#13;
Образцы олеогеля с концентрацией воска 20 и 15 % имели хорошие показатели адгезионной прочности. Результаты исследования показали, что лучшим образцом гибридного геля является образец с соотношением олеогель с концентрацией воска 20 % и гидрогель 95:5. Такое соотношение позволило достичь достаточной прочности геля (≤ 408,222) при поддержании плотной и равномерной текстуры продукта (модуль Юнга ≤ 17,05) в течение длительного периода времени. Результаты исследования активности воды показали, что олеогели относятся к продуктам с низкой влажностью (Aw = 0,6 ± 0). Срок хранения гибридного геля при температуре от 4 до 10 °С составил 6 месяцев. Разработанные образцы гибридных гелей имели хорошие сенсорные свойства: чистый вкус и запах, прочную однородную структуру и консистенцию. В работе была предложена рецептура и технология приготовления кондитерского полуфабриката с гибридным гелем вместо 30 % заменителя какао-масла.&#13;
Применение гибридных гелей может быть рекомендовано в качестве заменителя масла какао (или кондитерских жиров) для уменьшения количества насыщенных и трансжирных кислот в кондитерских изделиях. Такая замена позволит получить полуфабрикаты и готовое изделие с хорошими потребительскими свойствами.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The World Health Organization recommends reducing the intake of saturated fatty acids. However, a direct replacement of solid fats with liquid oils affects the technological and consumer properties of food. The research objective was to develop a hybrid gel with a dense structure based on oleogel and hydrogel to replace saturated fats in semi-finished confectionery products.&#13;
The study featured samples of oleogel from sunflower oil and beeswax at a concentration of 10, 15, and 20% and hybrid gels prepared by mixing the oleogel with a 2% aqueous solution of sodium alginate at ratios of 99:1, 95:5, and 90:10. The samples were tested for strength, adhesive power, viscosity index, consistency, and Young modulus using a TA-XT Plus texture analyzer (Stable Micro Systems Ltd., UK). The water activity was studied using a water activity analyzer LabMaster (Novasina, Lab Master, Switzerland).&#13;
The oleogel samples with wax concentrations of 20 and 15% demonstrated good adhesive strength. The best hybrid gel was the oleogel with 20% wax at the ratio of 95:5 to hydrogel. This ratio resulted in a considerable gel strength (≤ 408.222) while maintaining a dense and uniform texture (Young modulus ≤ 17.05) for a long time. The oleogels had low moisture content (Aw = 0.6 ± 0). The shelf life at 4–10°C was 6 months. The samples had good sensory properties, i.e., clear taste and smell, strong uniform structure and consistency, etc. The paper introduces a formulation for a semi-finished confectionery product with a hybrid gel instead of 30% cocoa butter substitute.&#13;
Hybrid gels can be recommended as a substitute for cocoa butter or confectionery fats to reduce the amount of saturated and trans fatty acids. Such a replacement improves the consumer properties of semi-finished and finished products.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>Олеогель</kwd>
    <kwd>насыщенные жирные кислоты</kwd>
    <kwd>ненасыщенные жирные кислоты</kwd>
    <kwd>трансжиры</kwd>
    <kwd>структурообразователь</kwd>
    <kwd>гидроколлоиды</kwd>
    <kwd>кондитерское производство</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>Oleogel</kwd>
    <kwd>saturated fatty acids</kwd>
    <kwd>unsaturated fatty acids</kwd>
    <kwd>trans fats</kwd>
    <kwd>structurant</kwd>
    <kwd>hydrocolloids</kwd>
    <kwd>confectionery</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках гранта Президента Российской Федерации для государственной поддержки молодых российских ученых МК-402.2022.4. Исследование выполнялось с использованием оборудования ЦКП «Исследовательский центр пищевых и химических технологий» Кубанского государственного технологического университета (КубГТУ) (CKP_3111), развитие которого поддерживается Министерством науки и высшего образования РФ (Минобрнауки России) (Соглашение № 075-15-2021-679).</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was supported by the Grant of President of Russian Federation for Young Scientists, no. MK-402.2022.4. The research involved the equipment of the Research Center for Food and Chemical Technologies of Kuban State Technological University (KUBSTU) (CKP_3111) supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Minobrnauka) (Agreement № 075-15-2021-679).</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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