Foods and Raw Materials Foods and Raw Materials Foods and Raw Materials 2308-4057 2310-9599 56976 10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-561 Review Article Review Article Review Article Agriculture in the Baksan Gorge of the Central Caucasus, Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia Agriculture in the Baksan Gorge of the Central Caucasus, Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5248-9018 Abakumov Evgeny V. Abakumov Evgeny V. e_abakumov@mail.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2342-4653 Tembotov Rustam Kh. Tembotov Rustam Kh. St. Petersburg University St. Petersburg Россия St. Petersburg University St. Petersburg Russian Federation Tembotov Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories RAS Nalchik Россия Tembotov Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories RAS Nalchik Russian Federation 17 03 2023 17 03 2023 11 1 129 140 09 06 2022 04 07 2022 https://jfrm.ru/en/issues/20672/21286/

No agriculture is possible without soil. This article reviews available data on the soils of the Baksan Gorge located in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia. The research objective was to collect and analyze information on the soil composition and crop yields in this region of the Central Caucasus. The review covered the last five years of scientific publications cited in Scopus, Web of Science, and Elibrary. It also featured contemporary and archival documents on the soil composition and periglacial agriculture in the Baksan Gorge. The agriculture and cattle breeding started in the Central Caucasus in the first millennium BC when the local peoples began to develop these lands as highland pastures and, subsequently, for agricultural farming. During the second millennium BC, crop production became one of the most important economic sectors in the Central Caucasus. Corn, barley, wheat, and millet were the main agricultural crops in the Baksan Gorge. Millet has always been a traditional Kabardian crop, and millet farming occupied the largest flatland areas. Barley was the staple crop in the highlands. Currently, the list of local staple crops includes corn, wheat, and sunflower. Barley, oats, peas, potatoes, vegetables, berries, nuts, grapes, and annual herbs are also popular. The past fifteen years have seen an extensive development of intensive horticulture in the Baksan Gorge. Agricultural ecology and production problems depend on the localization of agriculture in the Central Caucasus. This research reviewed data on the effect of soil composition on the yield and value of agricultural crops in the Baksan Gorge of the Central Caucasus.

No agriculture is possible without soil. This article reviews available data on the soils of the Baksan Gorge located in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia. The research objective was to collect and analyze information on the soil composition and crop yields in this region of the Central Caucasus. The review covered the last five years of scientific publications cited in Scopus, Web of Science, and Elibrary. It also featured contemporary and archival documents on the soil composition and periglacial agriculture in the Baksan Gorge. The agriculture and cattle breeding started in the Central Caucasus in the first millennium BC when the local peoples began to develop these lands as highland pastures and, subsequently, for agricultural farming. During the second millennium BC, crop production became one of the most important economic sectors in the Central Caucasus. Corn, barley, wheat, and millet were the main agricultural crops in the Baksan Gorge. Millet has always been a traditional Kabardian crop, and millet farming occupied the largest flatland areas. Barley was the staple crop in the highlands. Currently, the list of local staple crops includes corn, wheat, and sunflower. Barley, oats, peas, potatoes, vegetables, berries, nuts, grapes, and annual herbs are also popular. The past fifteen years have seen an extensive development of intensive horticulture in the Baksan Gorge. Agricultural ecology and production problems depend on the localization of agriculture in the Central Caucasus. This research reviewed data on the effect of soil composition on the yield and value of agricultural crops in the Baksan Gorge of the Central Caucasus.

 Land use crops soil Central Caucasus Baksan Gorge Land use crops soil Central Caucasus Baksan Gorge This research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Minobrnauka) as part of state grant for the development of the world-class Scientific Center Agrotechnologies of the Future, agreement No. 075-15-2022-322, April 22, 2022. This research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Minobrnauka) as part of state grant for the development of the world-class Scientific Center Agrotechnologies of the Future, agreement No. 075-15-2022-322, April 22, 2022.

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