Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences Вестник Кемеровского государственного университета. Серия: Политические, социологические и экономические науки 2500-3372 2542-1190 51570 10.21603/2500-3372-2022-7-2-162-170 Социология управления Sociology of Management Социология управления Rumours and Fake News – Effects of Message Credibility on Human Behaviour during the Corona Pandemic Слухи и фальшивые новости – влияние достоверности информации на поведение человека в условиях пандемии коронавируса Кемпкенс Оливер Харальд Kempkens Oliver Harald Московский государственный институт международных отношений МИД Москва Россия Moscow State Institute of International Relations Moscow Russian Federation 05 07 2022 05 07 2022 7 2 162 170 25 01 2022 28 03 2022 https://jsocnet.ru/en/nauka/article/51570/view

Кризисные ситуации, такие как пандемия новой коронавирусной инфекции, влияют на поведение человека; ответная реакция на них для большинства людей – страх и соответствующее поведение, вызванное страхом. На современном этапе социальные сети насчитывают огромное число пользователей по всему миру, поэтому люди, а также государственные и частные организации и группы пересылают, размещают и комментируют сообщения в социальных сетях. Таким образом, можно охватить большую аудиторию за очень короткое время. Однако не все сообщения в социальных сетях можно классифицировать как настоящие новости. Напротив, многие индивидуумы, группы и организации используют социальные сети для распространения слухов, фальшивых новостей и теорий заговора. Существует три основных причины, которые формируют и усиливают доверие людей к этим типам новостей: 1) людям приятно верить в лучшее в самих себе и сообществах, к которым они принадлежат; 2) люди хотят разобраться в своем окружении; 3) и / или люди хотят чувствовать себя в безопасности и держать все под контролем во время серьезных кризисных ситуаций. Среди нынешних демонстрантов, выступающих против политики правительства Германии, направленной на противодействие распространению новой коронавирусной инфекции, часто можно выделить сторонников конкретных групп, разделяющих их убеждения. Однако отличить правдивые новости от фальшивых новостей и слухов нелегко. В данной работе используется метод количественного сбора данных для изучения причин, по которым люди могут менять свое поведение в кризисных ситуациях и по которым некоторые люди более склонны верить слухам и фальшивым новостям, распространяемым в социальных сетях, чем другие. В этом контексте достоверность сообщения играет важную роль. Результаты показывают, что слухи, фальшивые новости и теории заговора способны снизить доверие людей к медицинским учреждениям и / или правительствам.

Recessionary situations such as the current Corona pandemic affect people’s behaviour, since most people react to them with fear. Nowadays, social media is used by many people all over the world, thus, people as well as public and private organizations and groups share, post and comment messages on social media. This way, many people can be reached in a very short time. However, not all posts on social media can be defined trustworthy. Instead, a lot of people, groups and organizations make use of social media to spread rumours, fake news and conspiracy theories. There are three main motivations increasing people’s beliefs in these types of news: desire to feel security for themselves as well as the groups they belong to; making sense of their specific environment and /or striving for safety and control in times of severe recessionary situations. Among the current demonstrators against the Corona policy of the German government, one can often identify supporters of specific groups that share their beliefs. However, it is not easy to differentiate between true and fake news or rumours. The present paper uses the quantitative data collection method to investigate the reasons why people may change their behaviour in recessionary situations and why some people are more prone to believing rumours and fake news on social media than others. In this context, message credibility plays an important role. The results show that rumours, fake news and conspiracy theories are able to decrease people’s trust in health agencies and / or governments.

 пандемия коронавируса кризисная ситуация слухи фальшивые новости поведение человека Corona pandemic recessionary situation conspiracy theories rumours fake news human behaviour

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