The paper considers the theory of energy production cycles. It indicates its relevance and the possibility of successful application for the analysis of the territorial structure and assessment of the prospects for modernization of the economy. At the same time, questions are raised about the inconsistency of this concept with modern market conditions. An attempt is made to rethink the theory of energy production cycles, on the basis of which the concept «coal cycle of productions» is formulated and the author’s generalized scheme of this cycle is given. Next, the research compares a general scheme of the coal production cycle with the production cycle actually formed around Kuznetsk coals. On the basis of this comparison, the degree of completeness and the reserves for further modernization of this cycle of production were revealed. Among the possible directions of coal use, the most promising for introduction in the Kuzbass are indicated, namely: coal semi-coking, gasification (including underground coal) and preparation of water-coal fuel. The research has revealed some positive effects from this complication of the existing coal production cycle in the Kuzbass.