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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Food Processing: Techniques and Technology</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Food Processing: Techniques and Technology</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Техника и технология пищевых производств</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2074-9414</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2313-1748</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">119076</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21603/2074-9414-2026-1-2623</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">QQWOUG</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Sugar vs. Sugar Substitutes in Condensed Dairy Products: Electron Microscopy and Rheology</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Электронно-микроскопические и реологические исследования структуры концентрированного молочного продукта с сахаром и сахарозаменителем</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3889-4559</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Куренков</surname>
       <given-names>Сергей Алексеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kurenkov</surname>
       <given-names>Sergey A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>kurenkovser.35@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1684-1245</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Куренкова</surname>
       <given-names>Людмила Александровна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kurenkova</surname>
       <given-names>Lyudmila A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5663-3662</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Смыков</surname>
       <given-names>Игорь Тимофеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Smykov</surname>
       <given-names>Igor T.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5484-8291</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Гнездилова</surname>
       <given-names>Анна Ивановна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Gnezdilova</surname>
       <given-names>Anna I.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Вологодская государственная молочнохозяйственная академия имени Н. В. Верещагина</institution>
     <city>Вологда</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Vologda State Dairy Farming Academy named after N.V. Vereshchagin</institution>
     <city>Vologda</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Вологодская государственная молочнохозяйственная академия имени Н. В. Верещагина</institution>
     <city>Вологда</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Vologda State Dairy Farming Academy named after N.V. Vereshchagin</institution>
     <city>Vologda</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт маслоделия и сыроделия</institution>
     <city>Углич</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter and Cheese Making</institution>
     <city>Uglich</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Вологодская государственная молочнохозяйственная академия имени Н. В. Верещагина</institution>
     <city>Вологда</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Vologda State Dairy Farming Academy named after N.V. Vereshchagin</institution>
     <city>Vologda</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-31T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>31</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-31T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>31</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>56</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>72</fpage>
   <lpage>85</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-22T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>22</day>
     <month>10</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-01-13T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>13</day>
     <month>01</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://fptt.ru/en/issues/24227/24245/">https://fptt.ru/en/issues/24227/24245/</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>При проектировании новых видов молочных консервов, основное внимание исследователей направлено на эмпирическую разработку рецептур без глубокого анализа механизмов межмолекулярного взаимодействия сахарозаменителя с мицеллами казеина. Как следствие, отсутствует глубокое понимание процессов структурирования. В работе исследовалась структура концентрированного молочного продукта с сахаром и низкокалорийным сахарозаменителем – аллюлозой. Электронно-микроскопические и реологические исследования структуры разрабатываемого концентрированного молочного продукта позволили расширить информацию о его структурно-механических свойствах.&#13;
Объектами исследования послужили образцы концентрированного молочного продукта с сахаром и аллюлозой (с 40 и 60 % заменой сахарозы на аллюлозу), свежевыработанные и после хранения в течение 14 месяцев. Проведены электронно-микроскопические и реологические исследования структуры, а также определены физико-химические и органолептические показатели качества продукта. В работе применялись стандартные методы.&#13;
Электронно-микроскопические исследования морфометрических признаков структур, образуемых мицеллами казеина в продукте, показали, что замена 40 % сахарозы на аллюлозу не оказывала заметного влияния на морфометрические признаки структур. Замена 60 % сахарозы на аллюлозу приводила к деструкции мицелл казеина, образованию вокруг них сахаридной капсулы и формированию плотных агрегатов, что сказывалось на органолептических и физико-химических показателях качества. Наблюдалась излишняя текучесть продукта, обусловленная снижением вязкости на 27 %.&#13;
На основании проведенных исследований можно сделать вывод, что в разработанном концентрированном молочном продукте доля замены сахарозы на аллюлозу не должна превышать 40 %.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Publications on functional condensed dairy foods focus on the formulation without considering the intermolecular interaction between a particular sweetener and casein micelles. Consequently, the structuring processes remain largely understudied. Electron microscopy and rheological studies may provide important data about the structure and mechanics of this interaction. This article introduces a comparative structural analysis of a condensed dairy product with sugar and its low-calorie substitute allulose.&#13;
The research included fresh and 14-month-old original prodct with sugar and its experimental samples where sucrose was substituted with 40 and 60% allulose. The structural analysis involved the methods of electron microscopy and rheology. The physicochemical parameters and sensory profile were studied using standard methods.&#13;
The electron-microscopic studies of the structures formed by casein micelles showed that 40% allulose had no effect on their morphometry. However, replacing 60% sucrose with allulose destroyed casein micelles, encapsulating them with saccharide and forming dense aggregates, which spoiled the sensory and physicochemical quality of the final product. The excessive fluidity of the product was due to a 27% decrease in viscosity. In this study, replacing more than 40% of conventional sweetener with allulose damaged the quality of the functional condensed dairy product.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>Молочный продукт</kwd>
    <kwd>аллюлоза</kwd>
    <kwd>сахароза</kwd>
    <kwd>казеин</kwd>
    <kwd>качество</kwd>
    <kwd>хранение</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>Dairy products</kwd>
    <kwd>allulose</kwd>
    <kwd>sucrose</kwd>
    <kwd>casein</kwd>
    <kwd>quality</kwd>
    <kwd>storage</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена на базе ФГБОУ ВО «Вологодская государственная молочнохозяйственная академия имени Н. В. Верещагина», в т. ч. на базовой кафедре, находящейся во Всероссийском научно-исследовательском институте маслоделия и сыроделия – филиале ФГБНУ «ФНЦ пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова».</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was conducted on the premises of the Vologda State Dairy Farming Academy named after N.V. Vereshchagin and its department located at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter and Cheese Making – Branch of V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS.</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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