<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cheese- and buttermaking</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Cheese- and buttermaking</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Сыроделие и маслоделие</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2073-4018</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">88669</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21603/2073-4018-2024-3-3</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Оригинальная статья</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Original article</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Оригинальная статья</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Microbiological Risks of Cheese Color Defects</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Микробиологические риски как причина пороков внешнего вида сыра</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Свириденко</surname>
       <given-names>Галина Михайловна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Sviridenko</surname>
       <given-names>Galina M.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>vniims@fncps.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Захарова</surname>
       <given-names>Марина Борисовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zakharova</surname>
       <given-names>Marina B.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>m.zackarova@fncps.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ускова</surname>
       <given-names>Евгения Евгеньевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Uskova</surname>
       <given-names>Evgeniya E.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт маслоделия и сыроделия – филиал Федерального научного центра пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова РАН</institution>
     <city>Углич</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking – Branch of V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS</institution>
     <city>Uglich</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт маслоделия и сыроделия – филиал Федерального научного центра пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова РАН</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking – Branch of V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт маслоделия и сыроделия – филиал Федерального научного центра  пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова РАН</institution>
     <city>Углич</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter and Cheese Production, Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems</institution>
     <city>Uglich</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-17T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>17</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-17T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>17</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>33</fpage>
   <lpage>43</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-08-01T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>01</day>
     <month>08</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-08-26T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>26</day>
     <month>08</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://cheese.kemsu.ru/en/nauka/article/88669/view">https://cheese.kemsu.ru/en/nauka/article/88669/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В статье приводятся сведения о распространенности пигментообразующих микроорганизмов (споровых аэробных бактерий рода Bacillus, дрожжей, микрококков и др.) в окружающей среде; их отличительных характеристиках, имеющих значение для сыроделия; возможных пороках в сыре, связанных с их развитием, а также результаты исследований сыров промышленного изготовления, имеющих пороки внешнего вида – образование цветных пятен на поверхности. Объектами исследования являются сыры в процессе созревания и хранения, выработанные в промышленных условиях в разных регионах России, с наличием пороков внешнего вида – поверхностных пятен различных оттенков желтого и красного цвета. Развитие пигментообразующих микроорганизмов на поверхности сыра может происходить при относительно низкой температуре созревания, значительной концентрации поваренной соли и критически низких концентрациях кислорода. Пигментообразующая микрофлора попадает в сыр из молока, рассола или с объектов производственной среды, включая воду, воздух, оборудование. Основным источником обсеменения ферм споровыми аэробными бактериями, дрожжами, плесневыми грибами, а, соответственно, и производимого молока являются сухие и сочные корма. Обсеменение сырого молока микрококками, наряду с доильным оборудованием и воздушной средой, в первую очередь, связано с выменем и кожными покровами животных. В связи с применением низкотемпературной термической обработки сырого молока при изготовлении сыра и возможными рисками повышенного содержания остаточной микрофлоры в пастеризованном молоке, общее количество мезофильных аэробных и факультативно-анаэробных микроорганизмов, включая группу пигментообразователей, в сборном молоке для сыроделия не должно превышать 104 КОЕ/см3. Для отдельных групп микроорганизмов, таких как дрожжи и споровые микроорганизмы рода Bacillus, приемлемый уровень в молоке для сыроделия составляет не более 102 КОЕ/см3. Присутствие их в сборном сыром молоке в количестве более 103 КОЕ/см3 свидетельствует о наличии высоких микробиологических рисков появления пороков при изготовлении сыра. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что преимущественно микрофлорой, причастной к образованию цветных пятен на поверхности сыров, могут быть дрожжи, микрококки, аэробные споровые палочки или их комбинации.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Aerobic Bacillus bacteria, yeasts, and micrococci are pigment-forming microorganisms responsible for color defects in cheese production. The article describes their environment, industry-related characteristics, types of defects they cause, and various color violations in commercial cheeses. The research featured domestic cheeses with yellow and red surface spots that appeared during industrial ripening and storage. Pigment-forming microorganisms developed on cheese surface at a low ripening temperature, high concentration of table salt, and critically low oxygen. Pigment-forming microflora proved to enter cheese from milk, brine, or production environment, e.g., water, air, and processing equipment, dry and succulent feeds being the main source of milk contamination with spore-forming aerobic bacteria, yeast, mold fungi, etc. Contamination of raw milk, milking equipment, and air environment with micrococci was primarily associated with cows’ udder and skin. Cheese production presupposes low-temperature heat treatment of raw milk, which means possible residual microflora in pasteurized milk. As a result, the total count of mesophilic aerobic and optionally anaerobic microorganisms, i.e., the potential pigment formers, was to stay below 104 CFU/cm3. Yeast and spore-forming Bacillus microorganisms demonstrated the acceptable level of ≤102 CFU/cm3 in milk intended for cheesemaking. If their total count exceeded 103 CFU/cm3, it indicated high microbiological risks of cheese appearance defects. The microflora responsible for discoloration of cheese surface was represented by yeast, micrococci, aerobic spores, or their combinations.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>сыр</kwd>
    <kwd>споровые аэробные микроорганизмы</kwd>
    <kwd>микрококки</kwd>
    <kwd>дрожжи</kwd>
    <kwd>порча</kwd>
    <kwd>пигментообразование</kwd>
    <kwd>пороки внешнего вида</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>cheese</kwd>
    <kwd>spore-forming aerobic microorganisms</kwd>
    <kwd>micrococci</kwd>
    <kwd>yeast</kwd>
    <kwd>spoilage</kwd>
    <kwd>pigmentation</kwd>
    <kwd>appearance defects</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Govindarajan, S. Pink discoloration in Cheddar cheese / S. Govindarajan, H. A. Morris // Journal of Food Science. 2006. Vol. 38. № 4. P. 675–678. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1973.tb02843.x</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Govindarajan, S. Pink discoloration in Cheddar cheese / S. Govindarajan, H. A. Morris // Journal of Food Science. 2006. Vol. 38. № 4. P. 675–678. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1973.tb02843.x</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daly, D. F. M. Pink discolouration defect in commercial cheese: A review / D. F. M. Daly, P. L. H. McSweeney, J. J. Sheehan // Dairy Science and Technology. 2012. Vol. 92. № 5. P. 439–453. http://doi.org/10.1007/s13594-012-0079-0</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daly, D. F. M. Pink discolouration defect in commercial cheese: A review / D. F. M. Daly, P. L. H. McSweeney, J. J. Sheehan // Dairy Science and Technology. 2012. Vol. 92. № 5. P. 439–453. http://doi.org/10.1007/s13594-012-0079-0</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martley, F. G. Short communications. Pinkish colouration in Cheddar cheese – description and factors contributing to its formation / F. G. Martley, V. Michel // Journal of Dairy Research. 2001. Vol. 68. P. 327–332. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029901004836</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martley, F. G. Short communications. Pinkish colouration in Cheddar cheese – description and factors contributing to its formation / F. G. Martley, V. Michel // Journal of Dairy Research. 2001. Vol. 68. P. 327–332. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029901004836</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гудков, А. В. Сыроделие: технологические, биологические и физико-химические аспекты / А. В. Гудков; под редакцией С. А. Гудкова. – М.: ДеЛи принт, 2003. – 800 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gudkov, A. V. Syrodelie: tehnologicheskie, biologicheskie i fiziko-himicheskie aspekty / A. V. Gudkov; pod redakciey S. A. Gudkova. – M.: DeLi print, 2003. – 800 s.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quigley, L. Thermus and the pink discoloration defect in cheese / L. Quigley [et al.] // mSystems. 2016. Vol. 1(3). e00023-16. https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00023-16</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quigley, L. Thermus and the pink discoloration defect in cheese / L. Quigley [et al.] // mSystems. 2016. Vol. 1(3). e00023-16. https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00023-16</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глазунова, Е. Г. Биосинтез пигментов у актинобактерий Agreia в зависимости от условий культивирования / Е. Г. Глазунова, Д. Р. Яруллина, И. Ю. Васильев [и др.] // Ученые записки Казанского университета, Естественные науки. 2012. Том 154, кн. 2. С. 77–84.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glazunova, E. G. Biosintez pigmentov u aktinobakteriy Agreia v zavisimosti ot usloviy kul'tivirovaniya / E. G. Glazunova, D. R. Yarullina, I. Yu. Vasil'ev [i dr.] // Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta, Estestvennye nauki. 2012. Tom 154, kn. 2. S. 77–84.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdelaziz, А. А. Pseudomonas aeruginosa’s greenish-blue pigment pyocyanin: its production and biological activities. REVIEW / A. A. Abdelaziz [et al.] // Microbial Cell Factories. 2023. 22:110. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-023-02122-1</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdelaziz, A. A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa’s greenish-blue pigment pyocyanin: its production and biological activities. REVIEW / A. A. Abdelaziz [et al.] // Microbial Cell Factories. 2023. 22:110. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-023-02122-1</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сиволодский, Е. П. Синтетическая питательная среда King BS для определения синтеза флюоресцеина бактериями рода Pseudomonas / Е. П. Сиволодский // Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. 2012. № 10. С. 60–62.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sivolodskiy, E. P. Sinteticheskaya pitatel'naya sreda King BS dlya opredeleniya sinteza flyuoresceina bakteriyami roda Pseudomonas / E. P. Sivolodskiy // Klinicheskaya laboratornaya diagnostika. 2012. № 10. S. 60–62.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manzo, N. Carbohydrate-active enzymes from pigmented Bacilli: a genomic approach to assess carbohydrate utilization and degradation / N. Manzo [et al.] // BMC Microbiology. 2011. Vol. 11. 198. https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2180-11-198</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manzo, N. Carbohydrate-active enzymes from pigmented Bacilli: a genomic approach to assess carbohydrate utilization and degradation / N. Manzo [et al.] // BMC Microbiology. 2011. Vol. 11. 198. https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2180-11-198</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henriques, A. O. Structure, Assembly, and Function of the Spore Surface Layers / A. O. Henriques, C. P. Moran Jr. // Annual review of microbiology. 2007. Vol. 61. P. 555–588. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093224</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henriques, A. O. Structure, Assembly, and Function of the Spore Surface Layers / A. O. Henriques, C. P. Moran Jr. // Annual review of microbiology. 2007. Vol. 61. P. 555–588. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093224</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мюнх, Г.-Д. Микробиология продуктов животного происхождения / Г.-Д. Мюнх [и др]. – Пер. с нем. – М.: Агропромиздат, 1985. – 592 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Myunh, G.-D. Mikrobiologiya produktov zhivotnogo proishozhdeniya / G.-D. Myunh [i dr]. – Per. s nem. – M.: Agropromizdat, 1985. – 592 s.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fakhry, S. Characterization of Spore Forming Bacilli Isolated From the Human Gastrointestinal Tract / S. Fakhry [et al.] // Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2008. Vol. 105. P. 2178–2186. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03934.x</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fakhry, S. Characterization of Spore Forming Bacilli Isolated From the Human Gastrointestinal Tract / S. Fakhry [et al.] // Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2008. Vol. 105. P. 2178–2186. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03934.x</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hong, H. A. Bacillus subtilis isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract / H. A. Hong [et al.] // Research in Microbiology. 2009. Vol. 160. P. 134–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2008.11.002</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hong, H. A. Bacillus subtilis isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract / H. A. Hong [et al.] // Research in Microbiology. 2009. Vol. 160. P. 134–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2008.11.002</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kharkhota, M. Chromogenicity of aerobic spore‑forming bacteria of the Bacillaceae family isolated from different ecological niches and physiographic zones / M. Kharkhota [et al.] // Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 2022. Vol. 53 P. 1395–1408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-022-00755-9</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharkhota, M. Chromogenicity of aerobic spore‑forming bacteria of the Bacillaceae family isolated from different ecological niches and physiographic zones / M. Kharkhota [et al.] // Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 2022. Vol. 53 P. 1395–1408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-022-00755-9</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sella, S. R. B. R. Bacillus atrophaeus: main characteristics and biotechnological applications – a review / S. R. B. R. Sella, L. P. S. Vandenberghe, C. R. Soccol // Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. Vol. 35 (4). https://doi.org/10.3109/07388551.2014.922915</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sella, S. R. B. R. Bacillus atrophaeus: main characteristics and biotechnological applications – a review / S. R. B. R. Sella, L. P. S. Vandenberghe, C. R. Soccol // Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. Vol. 35 (4). https://doi.org/10.3109/07388551.2014.922915</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitchell, C. Red pigment in Bacillus megaterium spores / C. Mitchell [et al.] // Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1986. Vol. 52(1). P. 64–67. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.52.1.64-67.1986</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitchell, C. Red pigment in Bacillus megaterium spores / C. Mitchell [et al.] // Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1986. Vol. 52(1). P. 64–67. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.52.1.64-67.1986</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nakamura, L. K. Taxonomic Relationship of Black-Pigmented Bacillus subtilis Strains and a Proposal for Bacillus atrophaeus sp. nov. / L. K. Nakamura // INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY. 1989. Vol. 39 (3). P. 295–300. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-39-3-295</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nakamura, L. K. Taxonomic Relationship of Black-Pigmented Bacillus subtilis Strains and a Proposal for Bacillus atrophaeus sp. nov. / L. K. Nakamura // INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY. 1989. Vol. 39 (3). P. 295–300. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-39-3-295</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sorokulova, I. B. Pigments produced by Bacillus subtilis var. niger 16k. / I. B. Sorokulova, S. R. Reznik // Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia. 1979. Vol. 15 (2). P. 314–317.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorokulova, I. B. Pigments produced by Bacillus subtilis var. niger 16k. / I. B. Sorokulova, S. R. Reznik // Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia. 1979. Vol. 15 (2). P. 314–317.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dunlap, C. A. Bacillus nakamurai sp. nov., a black pigment producing strain / C. A. Dunlap [et al.] // International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2016. Vol. 66 (8). P. 2987–2991. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.001135</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dunlap, C. A. Bacillus nakamurai sp. nov., a black pigment producing strain / C. A. Dunlap [et al.] // International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2016. Vol. 66 (8). P. 2987–2991. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.001135</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khaneja, R. Carotenoids found in Bacillus / R. Khaneja [et al.] // Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2010. Vol. 108. P. 1889–1902. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04590.x</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khaneja, R. Carotenoids found in Bacillus / R. Khaneja [et al.] // Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2010. Vol. 108. P. 1889–1902. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04590.x</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duc, L. H. Carotenoids present in halotolerant Bacillus sporeformers / L. H. Duc [et al.] // FEMS Microbiology Letters. 2006. Vol. 255 (2). Р. 275–279. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2005.00091.x</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duc, L. H. Carotenoids present in halotolerant Bacillus sporeformers / L. H. Duc [et al.] // FEMS Microbiology Letters. 2006. Vol. 255 (2). R. 275–279. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2005.00091.x</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kharkhota, M. Chromogenicity of aerobic spore‑forming bacteria of the Bacillaceae family isolated from different ecological niches and physiographic zones / M. Kharkhota [et al.] // Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 2022. Vol. 53. P. 1395–1408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-022-00755-9</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharkhota, M. Chromogenicity of aerobic spore‑forming bacteria of the Bacillaceae family isolated from different ecological niches and physiographic zones / M. Kharkhota [et al.] // Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 2022. Vol. 53. P. 1395–1408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-022-00755-9</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ritschard, J. S. The Microbial Diversity on the Surface of Smear-Ripened Cheeses and Its Impact on Cheese Quality and Safety / J. S. Ritschard, M. Schuppler // Food. 2024. Vol. 13 (2), 214. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13020214</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ritschard, J. S. The Microbial Diversity on the Surface of Smear-Ripened Cheeses and Its Impact on Cheese Quality and Safety / J. S. Ritschard, M. Schuppler // Food. 2024. Vol. 13 (2), 214. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13020214</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабьева, И. П. Биология дрожжей / И. П. Бабьева, И. Ю. Чернов. – М.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК, 2004. – 221 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bab'eva, I. P. Biologiya drozhzhey / I. P. Bab'eva, I. Yu. Chernov. – M.: Tovarischestvo nauchnyh izdaniy KMK, 2004. – 221 s.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B25">
    <label>25.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савчик, А. В. Каротиноидсинтезирующие дрожжевые грибы и их применение в биотехнологии (обзор литературы) / А. В. Савчик, Г. И. Новик // Пищевая промышленность: наука и технология. 2020. Том 13, № 3 (49). С. 70–83. https://www.elibrary.ru/njsecb</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savchik, A. V. Karotinoidsinteziruyuschie drozhzhevye griby i ih primenenie v biotehnologii (obzor literatury) / A. V. Savchik, G. I. Novik // Pischevaya promyshlennost': nauka i tehnologiya. 2020. Tom 13, № 3 (49). S. 70–83. https://www.elibrary.ru/njsecb</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B26">
    <label>26.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hernández-Almanza, A. Rhodotorula glutinis as source of pigments and metabolites for food industry / A. Hernández-Almanza [et al.] // Food Bioscience. 2014. Vol 5. P. 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2013.11.007</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hernández-Almanza, A. Rhodotorula glutinis as source of pigments and metabolites for food industry / A. Hernández-Almanza [et al.] // Food Bioscience. 2014. Vol 5. P. 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2013.11.007</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B27">
    <label>27.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cardoso, L. Microbial production of carotenoids A review / L. Cardoso, K. Kanno, S. Karp // AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY. 2017. Vol. 16 (4). Р. 139–146. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2016.15763</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cardoso, L. Microbial production of carotenoids A review / L. Cardoso, K. Kanno, S. Karp // AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY. 2017. Vol. 16 (4). R. 139–146. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2016.15763</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B28">
    <label>28.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ястребова, О. В. Филогенетическое разнообразие бактерий семейства Micrococcaceae, выделенных из биотопов с различным антропогенным воздействием / О. В. Ястребова, Е. Г. Плотникова // Вестник Пермского университета. Сер. Биология. 2020. № 4. С. 321–333. https://doi.org/10.17072/1994-9952-2020-4-321-333; https://www.elibrary.ru/xlmhdz</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yastrebova, O. V. Filogeneticheskoe raznoobrazie bakteriy semeystva Micrococcaceae, vydelennyh iz biotopov s razlichnym antropogennym vozdeystviem / O. V. Yastrebova, E. G. Plotnikova // Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Ser. Biologiya. 2020. № 4. S. 321–333. https://doi.org/10.17072/1994-9952-2020-4-321-333; https://www.elibrary.ru/xlmhdz</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B29">
    <label>29.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Блекберн К. де В. Микробиологическая порча пищевых продуктов / К. де В. Блекберн (ред). – Пер. с англ. – СПб.: Профессия, 2011. – 784 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blekbern K. de V. Mikrobiologicheskaya porcha pischevyh produktov / K. de V. Blekbern (red). – Per. s angl. – SPb.: Professiya, 2011. – 784 s.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B30">
    <label>30.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jagannadham, M. V. The major carotenoid pigment of a psychrotrophic Micrococcus roseus with synthetic membranes / M. V. Jagannadham, V. J. Rao, S. Shivaji // Journal of bacteriology. 1991. Vol. 173 (24). P. 7911–7917. https://doi.org/10.1128%2Fjb.173.24.7911-7917.1991</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jagannadham, M. V. The major carotenoid pigment of a psychrotrophic Micrococcus roseus with synthetic membranes / M. V. Jagannadham, V. J. Rao, S. Shivaji // Journal of bacteriology. 1991. Vol. 173 (24). P. 7911–7917. https://doi.org/10.1128%2Fjb.173.24.7911-7917.1991</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
