Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Техника и технология пищевых производств 2074-9414 2313-1748 84661 10.21603/2074-9414-2024-2-2500 ОБЗОРНАЯ СТАТЬЯ REVIEW ARTICLE ОБЗОРНАЯ СТАТЬЯ Microbial Biofortification of Grain Crops: Current State and Prospects Микробная биофортификация злаковых культур: перспективы и текущее развитие https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8508-3372 Колпакова Дарья Евгеньевна Kolpakova Daria E. kolpakova1205@mail.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3529 Серазетдинова Юлия Ренатовна Serazetdinova Yuliya R. serazetdinova2000@mail.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-0258 Фотина Наталья Вячеславовна Fotina Natalya V. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4645-828X Заушинцена Александра Васильевна Zaushintsena Alexandra V. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4988-8197 Асякина Людмила Константиновна Asyakina Lyudmila K. alk_kem@mail.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4037-2653 Лосева Анна Ивановна Loseva Anna I. unid.kemsu@mail.ru Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation 03 07 2024 03 07 2024 54 2 191 211 29 03 2024 07 05 2024 https://fptt.ru/en/issues/22705/22656/

Скрытый голод является социальной проблемой во многих странах мира и ежегодно провоцирует развитие алиментарно-зависимых заболеваний у населения. Одним из решений проблемы скрытого голода является биофортификация – термин, который объединяет совокупность методов селекции, генной инженерии, агрономии и микробиологии. Цель работы – анализ актуальных исследований зарубежных специалистов по вопросам микробной биофортификации и оценке потенциала использования микроорганизмов для обогащения зерновых культур биогенными элементами. Объектом исследования являлись научные публикации зарубежных ученых за период 1984–2024 гг. Поиск научных источников осуществляли в базах данных Scopus, ScienceDirect и Google Scholar. Поисковые запросы включали следующие ключевые слова и словосочетания: biofortification, wheat, rice, oats, growth stimulation, antagonism и phytopathogens. Полученную информацию экспортировали из программного обеспечения Zotero в формате файла RIS. Обработку файла для анализа ключевых слов и представления их в графической форме осуществляли с помощью программы VOSviewer. Основными механизмами микробной биофортификации являются фиксация атмосферного азота и солюбилизация биогенных элементов. Солюбилизация осуществляется за счет синтеза органических и неорганических кислот, протонов, сидерофоров, внеклеточных ферментов и других вторичных метаболитов. Микроорганизмы способны изменять экспрессию генов растений для лучшего поглощения и аккумуляции питательных элементов, а также архитектуру корневой системы растения для лучшего извлечения биогенных соединений из почвы. В работе обобщили сведения о лабораторных и полевых исследованиях микробной биофортификации зерновых культур. Микробной биофортификации подвергали рис, пшеницу, ячмень и т. д. Культуры обогащали такими элементами, как железо, селен, цинк, медь, марганец, азот, фосфор и калий. Применение биофортификации на основе ростостимулирующих микроорганизмов является экологичным, надежным и экономически эффективным подходом в обеспечении продовольственной безопасности страны и рациональным решением проблемы скрытого голода. Полученные литературные данные могут лечь в основу разработки микробных препаратов для сельского хозяйства.

Hidden hunger is a significant social issue in numerous countries worldwide, causing the development of nutrition-related diseases among populations annually. Biofortification offers a sustainable solution as it combines methods of cross-breeding, genetic engineering, agriculture, and microbiology. The authors reviewed international studies in the field of microbial biofortification in order to assess the microbial potential to enh ance the essential element content in grain crops. The review featured relevant scientific articles published by foreign experts in Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar in 1984–2024. The keywords included biofortification, wheat, rice, oats, growth stimulation, antagonism, and phytopathogen. The sources were processed in Zotero and VOSviewer. Nitrogen fixation and nutrient solubilization are the main mechanisms of microbial biofortification. Solubilization occurs as a synthesis of organic and inorganic acids, protons, siderophores, extracellular enzymes, and other secondary metabolites. Microorganisms can improve the expression of plant genes in terms of absorption and nutrient accumulation. They also affect root systems, facilitating the extraction of nutrients from the soil. The authors summarized laboratory and field studies on microbial biofortification of rice, wheat, and barley with iron, selenium, zinc, copper, manganese, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Biofortified growth-promoting microorganisms are a sustainable, reliable, and cost-effective approach to food security and hidden hunger issues. The review offers relevant information that can be used to develop new microbial preparations for the domestic agriculture.

 Биогенные вещества скрытый голод сельское хозяйство микроорганизмы азот фосфор цинк железо Nutrients hidden hunger agriculture microorganisms nitrogen phosphorus zinc iron Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания по теме «Исследование потенциала ростостимулирующих бактерий для повышения агрономической биофортификации пшеницы» (шифр FZSR-2024-0009). The research was part of State Assignment FZSR-2024-0009: Grow th-promoting biofortification of wheat.

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