Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Техника и технология пищевых производств 2074-9414 2313-1748 70008 10.21603/2074-9414-2023-3-2457 ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ ORIGINAL ARTICLE ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ Antagonistic Activity of Extremophilic Bacteria Against Phytopathogens in Agricultural Crops Антагонистическая активность экстремофильных микроорганизмов в отношении фитопатогенов сельскохозяйственных культур https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4988-8197 Асякина Людмила Константиновна Asyakina Lyudmila K. alk_kem@mail.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3529 Серазетдинова Юлия Ренатовна Serazetdinova Yuliya R. serazetdinova2000@mail.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3988-8521 Фролова Анна Сергеевна Frolova Anna S. frolova.anna.s@mail.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-0258 Фотина Наталья Вячеславовна Fotina Natalya V. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0309-5709 Неверова Ольга Александровна Neverova Olga A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9879-482X Петров Андрей Николаевич Petrov Andrey N. Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Российский биотехнологический университет Москва Россия Russian Biotechnological University Moscow Russian Federation 29 09 2023 29 09 2023 53 3 565 575 20 03 2023 02 05 2023 https://fptt.ru/en/issues/22025/22004/

Пшеница (Triticum aestivum L.) – важная сельскохозяйственная культура, фитопатогенами которой являются грибы рода Fusarium и Alternaria. Для борьбы с ними применяют синтетические пестициды, негативно влияющие на окружающую среду и здоровье человека. Разработка безопасных и эффективных аналогов – биопестицидов – является актуальным вопросом. Цель работы заключалась в разработке консорциума на основе экстремофильных микроорганизмов, выделенных из природных источников, для защиты пшеницы от заболеваний, вызванных грибами рода Alternaria и Fusarium. Объектами исследования являлись образцы 10 изолятов экстремофильных микроорганизмов. Биохимическую идентификацию изолятов проводили с использованием автоматического микробиологического анализатора Vitek 2 Compact. Изоляты оценивали по показателям антимикробной активности в отношении Escherichia coli и антагонистической активности в отношении фитопатогенов по методу встречных культур. На основании полученных данных конструировали микробные консорциумы и оценивали их эффективность и способность защищать пшеницу от фитопатогенов. Из 10 исследованных изолятов наибольшую активность проявляли 5 штаммов, 3 из которых являлись биосовместимыми: Leclercia sp., Sphingomonas paucimobilis и Lactobacillus plantarum. На основании данных микроорганизмов составили 4 консорциума. Установлено, что совместное применение микроорганизмов повышает их антогонистическую активность: площадь, не занятая фитопатогеном, увеличивалась на 4,2 % по отношению к среднему значению отдельных микроорганизмов, входящих в состав консорциума. Наиболее эффективным являлся консорциум с соотношением штаммов Leclercia sp., S. paucimobilis и L. plantarum 2:1:1 соответственно. Консорциум оказывал фитостимулирующее действие на проростки пшеницы (всхожесть варьировалась в пределах 73,2–99,6 %) и позволял избежать морфометрических изменений при обработке семян, зараженных фитопатогенами. Разработанный консорциум обладает высокой эффективностью защиты пшеницы от патогенов рода Alternaria и Fusarium и может использоваться в качестве пестицида биологической природы.

Wheat is a vital agricultural crop whose phytopathogens include fungi of the genera Fusarium and Alternaria. Synthetic pesticides, which are used to combat them, have a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, there is a need for developing safe and effective biopesticides. We aimed to create a consortium of extremophilic microorganisms isolated from natural sources to protect wheat from the diseases caused by Alternaria and Fusarium fungi. Ten isolates of extremophilic microorganisms were tested for their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and their antagonistic activity against phytopathogens. Based on the results, we developed microbial consortia and evaluated their effectiveness in protecting wheat from phytopathogens. Five of the strains under study showed the highest activity, three of which were biocompatible, namely Leclercia sp., Sphingomonas paucimobilis, and Lactobacillus plantarum. Four consortia were created from these microorganisms, of which consortium B (with a 2:1:1 ratio of the strains, respectively) proved the most effective. In particular, it increased the area free from the phytopathogen by 4.2% compared to the average values of its individual microorganisms. Also, the consortium had a phytostimulating effect on wheat seedlings (germination of 73.2–99.6%) and protected the seeds infected with phytopathogens from morphometric changes. The resulting consortium can be used as a biopesticide since it is highly effective in protecting wheat from Alternaria and Fusarium pathogens.

 Triticum aestivum L. продуктивность сельского хозяйства фитопатогены биопестициды экстремофильные бактерии консорциум микроорганизмов экологическая безопасность Triticum aestivum L. agricultural productivity phytopathogens biopesticides extremophilic bacteria consortium of microorganisms environmental safety Работа была выполнена в рамках государственного задания по теме «Фундаментальные исследования по разработке биопестицидов, состоящих из экстремофильных и эндофитных микроорганизмов, для преодоления абиотического и биотического стресса сельскохозяйственными культурами в условиях Кемеровской области – Кузбасса» (шифр FZSR-2023-0003). This study was part of the state assignment entitled “Basic research on the development of biopesticides from extremophilic and endophytic microorganisms to help agricultural crops overcome abiotic and biotic stress in Kemerovo Oblast – Kuzbass” (code FZSR-2023-0003).

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