Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Техника и технология пищевых производств 2074-9414 2313-1748 65717 10.21603/2074-9414-2023-2-2436 ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ ORIGINAL ARTICLE ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ Trace Elements in the Meat and Internal Organs of the Mountain Hare (Lepus timidus L., 1758) in the North of the Krasnoyarsk Region Содержание тяжелых металлов в органах и тканях зайца-беляка (Lepus timidus L., 1758) на севере Красноярского края https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5995-3963 Кочкарев Павел Владимирович Kochkarev Pavel V. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-3712 Кошурникова Мария Александровна Koshurnikova Maria A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9461-5131 Сергеев Алексей Анатольевич Sergeev Alexey A. metalbird@mail.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4549-5727 Ширяев Валерий Владимирович Shiryaev Valery V. Государственный природный биосферный заповедник «Центральносибирский» п. Бор Россия State Natural Biosphere Reserve “Central Siberian” village Bor Russian Federation Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт охотничьего хозяйства и звероводства имени профессора Б. М. Житкова Киров Россия Professor Zhitkov Russian Research Institute of Game Management and Fur Farming Kirov Russian Federation Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт охотничьего хозяйства и звероводства имени профессора Б. М. Житкова Киров Россия Russian Game Management and Fur Farming Research Institute Kirov Russian Federation Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт охотничьего хозяйства и звероводства имени профессора Б. М. Житкова Киров Россия Professor Zhitkov Russian Research Institute of Game Management and Fur Farming Kirov Russian Federation 23 06 2023 23 06 2023 53 2 217 230 16 02 2023 02 05 2023 https://fptt.ru/en/issues/21711/21741/

Сведения о следовых и токсичных концентрациях металлов в организме диких животных имеет большое значение для мониторинга химического загрязнения окружающей среды и оценки состояния здоровья и токсических рисков у животных и человека. Методом атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии определили концентрацию железа, меди, цинка, свинца и кадмия в скелетной мускулатуре, печени и почках зайцев-беляков (Lepus timidus L.) (n = 107), добытых в течение двух сезонов на фоновых и техногенно-загрязненных территориях Красноярского края. Содержание тяжелых металлов в органах и тканях зайцев-беляков на загрязненных полигонах оказалось достоверно выше, чем на фоновых территориях. В организме животных на загрязненных территориях достоверно высокое содержание свинца, кадмия и ртути, на фоновых участках больше биогенных элементов – меди, цинка и железа. Подобные отличия связаны с антагонизмом биогенных и токсичных металлов в организме. Выявленные корреляции между отдельными металлами в органах и тканях указывают на общие источники поступления микроэлементов в окружающую среду на исследуемой территории. Уровни кадмия и свинца у зайцев-беляков на загрязненных участках не опасны для здоровья животных. Около 40 % проб печени и все пробы мышечной ткани зайцев, отловленных на загрязненном участке, оказались не пригодны в пищу по причине содержания опасных концентраций свинца и кадмия. Осуществление охоты на участках техногенного загрязнения может представлять токсическую опасность для аборигенных охотников и членов их семей.

Relevant data on trace elements and toxic metals in game meat make it possible to monitor chemical pollution, as well as to detect risks to human and animal health. The authors used atomic absorption spectrometry to study iron, copper, zinc, lead, and cadmium in the skeletal muscles, liver, and kidneys of mountain hares (Lepus timidus L.) (n = 107). The animals were caught during two seasons on reference sites and technogenic territories in the northern Krasnoyarsk Region. The samples obtained from the hares that lived on the reference sites had a much lower content of toxic metals. The tissues that belonged to the hares from the polluted habitats contained more lead and cadmium while the samples from the reference sites demonstrated traces of such biogenic elements as copper, zinc, and iron. The differences may be associated with the antagonism of biogenic elements and toxic metals in the body. The correlations between various metals probably meant that they came from one and the same pollution source. The levels of cadmium and lead in the samples from the technogenic areas were not hazardous to animal health. However, their meat and liver were unfit to eat. Therefore, hunting in the areas of technogenic pollution can pose a toxic hazard to indigenous hunters and their families.

 Lepus timidus заяц-беляк охота промысел мясо дичи загрязнение экотоксикология микроэлементы тяжелые металлы свинец кадмий ртуть Lepus timidus mountain hare hunting game meat pollution ecotoxicology trace elements heavy metals lead cadmium mercury Работы выполнены в 2022 г. во Всероссийском научно-исследовательском институте охотничьего хозяйства и звероводства им. проф. Б. М. Житкова (ВНИИОЗ) в соответствии с Программой фундаментальных научных исследований в Российской Федерации на долгосрочный период (2021–2030 гг.), утвержденной распоряжением Правительства РФ от 31 декабря 2020 г. № 3684-р, составляющей основу Государственного задания института (тема «Совершенствование научных основ устойчивого использования, методов оценки, мониторинга и прогноза динамики биологических ресурсов охотничьего хозяйства» (№ FNWS-2022-0001 )). The research was conducted on the premises of the Professor Zhitkov Russian Research Institute of Game Management and Fur Farming (VNIIOZ) as part of the State Task on Scientific Foundations for Sustainable Use, Assessment, Monitoring, and Forecasting Biological Resources of the Hunting Industry (No. FNWS-2022-0001), Fundamental Research Program through 2021–2030, Decree No. 3684-r of the Government of the R ussian Federation, December 31, 2020.

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