Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Техника и технология пищевых производств 2074-9414 2313-1748 57543 10.21603/2074-9414-2023-1-2412 ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ ORIGINAL ARTICLE ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ Trace Elements in Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus): Exposure Routes Пути поступления микроэлементов в организм обыкновенного павлина Pavo cristatus https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5744-1363 Каледин Анатолий Петрович Kaledin Anatoly P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0041-1091 Степанова Марина Вячеславовна Stepanova Marina V. stepanova-marina@bk.ru Остапенко Владимир Алексеевич Ostapenko Vladimir A. Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К. А. Тимирязева Москва Россия Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy Moscow Russian Federation Российский биотехнологический университет Москва Россия Russian Biotechnological University Moscow Russian Federation Московская государственная академия ветеринарной медицины и биотехнологии – MBA имени К. И. Скрябина Москва Россия Moscow state Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K.I. Skryabin Moscow Russian Federation 27 03 2023 27 03 2023 53 1 25 37 10 09 2022 08 11 2022 https://fptt.ru/en/issues/21374/21380/

Урбанизация и антропогенное воздействие на окружающую среду приводит к загрязнению экосистем, в том числе городских, химическими элементами. В биомониторинговых исследованиях окружающей среды птицы являются наиболее подходящим индикатором загрязнения поллютантами. Цель исследования заключалась в изучении путей поступления микроэлементов, в том числе тяжелых металлов, в организм обыкновенного павлина Pavo cristatus. Исследование проводилось с 2018 по 2022 гг. на микропопуляциях физиологически здоровых особей обыкновенного павлина, содержащихся в трех зоопарках (г. Москва, г. Иваново, г. Ярославль). Объектами исследования являлись перья павлина (n = 33), компоненты рациона питания (n = 303), питьевая вода (n = 94), почва (n = 123) и снег (n = 204). Исследования по определению микроэлементов проводили на атомно- абсорбционном спектрометре КВАНТ-2АТ. Вариабельность концентрации микроэлементов в исследуемой выборке особей составила, %: Zn – 73,9, Cu – 94,3, Fe – 111,6, Pb – 150,0, Cd – 136,88 и As – 203,87. Средние уровни накопления элементов в биосредах убывают в ряду Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > As. Анализ рационов питания павлинов, организованных на базе зоологических учреждений Москвы, Иваново и Ярославля, показал, что Zn поступает 11,35, 6,60 и 2,50 мг; Cu – 2,29, 0,75 и 0,41 мг; Fe – 55,83, 30,54 и 6,78 мг; Pb – 0,14, 0,18 и 0,01 мг; Cd – 0,02, 0,01 и 0,005 мг; As – 0,04, 0,02 и 0,002 мг соответственно. Если особь полностью съедает весь выданный корм, то ориентировочное общее суточное поступление Zn от дневной нормы потребления элемента составляет 16,7–75,7 %, Cu – от 13,7 до 76,3 %, Fe – от 48,4 до 398,79 %. Pb, Cd и As поступают с рационами в пределах суточной нормы. Основной путь поступления Zn, Cu, Fe в Ярославле и Cd – пероральный, Fe в Москве и Иваново, As и Pb в Москве – ингаляторный. В ходе анализа многомаршрутной и многосредовой экспозиции микроэлементов, в том числе тяжелых металлов, при поступлении в организм птиц было установлено, что уровень концентрации эссенциальных микроэлементов в биосредах определяется их поступлением с пищей. Накопление организмом птиц Fe (в Москве и Иваново) и As (на всех территориях исследования) связано с их поступлением из почвенного покрова, т. к. в депонирующей среде обнаружен высокий уровень содержания данных эссенциальных микроэлементов. Наибольшее воздействие на организм птиц оказывает валовое содержание Pb в почве Москвы и питьевой воде Ярославля и Иваново. Снежный покров оказывал наименьшее воздействие на элементный статус биосред павлинов.

Urbanization leads to chemical pollution. Contaminants accumulate in feed and enter animal body through digestive tract. Numerous studies have established that the level of mineral content in the environment reflects the technogenic load on the territory and is transmitted in the system through products of plant and animal origin, which can be used to prevent and correct elementoses. This research featured feathers of Indian peafowls Pavo cristatus (n = 33), diet components (n = 303), their drinking water (n = 94), soil (n = 123), and snow (n = 204). The micro-elemental profile was defined using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The samples were obtained from zoological institutions of Mosco w, Ivanovo, and Yaroslavl. As for the feathers, the average Zn accumulation level was 122.74 ± 9.64 mg/kg, Cu – 5.36 ± 0.05 mg/kg, Fe – 508.06 ± 56.84 mg/kg, Pb – 6.75 ± 1.13 mg/kg, Cd – 1.65 ± 0.26 mg/kg, and As – 0.61 ± 0.23 mg/kg. The variability of the concentration of microelements in the sample was as follows, %: Zn – 73.9, Cu – 94.3, Fe – 111.6, Pb – 150.0, Cd – 136.88, and As – 203.87. The average levels of accumulation of elements in the biological media decreased in the following order: Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > As. The share of Zn in the total of all determined elements was 0.7–48.0%, Cu – 0.04–2.8%, Fe – 46.2–92.8%, Pb – 0–2.5%, Cd – 0–2.5%, and As – 0–4.6%. The diet analyses showed the following results for Moscow, Ivanovo, and Yaroslavl, respectively: Zn – 11.35, 6.60, and 2.50 mg; Cu – 2.29, 0.75, and 0.41 mg; Fe – 55.83, 30.54, and 6.78 mg; Pb – 0.14, 0.18, and 0.01 mg; Cd – 0.02, 0.01, and 0.005 mg; As – 0.04, 0.02, and 0.002 mg. If the birds consumed all the food they received, the approximate total daily intake of the selected essential microelements Zn was 16.7–75.7% of the recommended daily intake, Cu – 13.7–76.3%, and Fe – 48.4–398.79%. Pb, Cd and As stayed within the daily norm. The oral route of intake was registered for Zn, Cu, and Fe in Yaroslavl and for Cd in all samples. Inhalation was registered as the main route of intake for Fe in Moscow and Ivanovo, as well as for As and Pb in Moscow. The highest intake of Pb was registered in Ivanovo and Yaroslavl. The analysis revealed the multi-route and multi-environment exposure of urban birds to microelements, including heavy metals. The level of concentration of essential microelements in the biological media depended on the diet. Fe in Moscow and Ivanovo and As in all the samples came from the soil cover, which had a high content of these elements. The gross content of Pb in the soil samples from Moscow and the drinking water from Yaroslavl and Ivanovo demonstrated the greatest impact on the avian organism. The snow samples had the least effect on the el emental status of the bioenvironments.

 Биосреды микроэлементы тяжелые металлы мышьяк миграция депонирующие среды продукты загрязнение Biological media trace elements heavy metals arsenic migration deposit media products pollution Работа выполнена на базе кафедры биоэкологии и биологической безопасности Российского биотехнологического университета (РОСБИОТЕХ). The research was performed on the premises of the Department of Bioecology and Biological Safety of the Russian Biotechnological University (BIOTECH University).

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