<p>The article features the problem of the impasse in the development of modern Rationalistic «Western» civilization in its relations with the external and internal worlds. It describes the ability to «return» to the metaphysical and even theological grounds of ideology, science in the post-non-classical, post-informational and post-economic periods of development. The paper describes a large-scale synthesis of humanitarian and natural sciences, science and art, science and religion. The author proposes to use the concept, or the paradigm, of the «noosphere», which continues the tradition of Russian cosmism. The suggested model of the anthropocene consists of three or four hypothetical phases (agrian, technocean, nooten and psychosen). It involves a possibility of using altered states of consciousness (the activation of the right cerebral hemisphere, shamanic states, etc.) in the formation of a more coherent, synthetic, «live» knowledge of the world and the relevant practices. The article features examples of small ethnic groups as an option to resolve contradictions between cultures and ethnic groups.</p>