Dairy industry Dairy industry Молочная промышленность 1019-8946 124934 10.21603/1019-8946-2026-3-85 FBDJLO Научная статья Research Article Научная статья Efficacy of Polyethyleneimine-Based Complexes and Nanocomposites against Mold Fungi in Food Industry Facilities Эффективность комплексов и нанокомпозитов на основе полиэтиленимина в отношении промышленных изолятов плесневых грибов Юшина Юлия Константиновна Yushina Yuliya K. yushina@fncps.ru

доктор технических наук;

doctor of technical sciences;

 Махова Анжелика Александровна Mahova Anzhelika A. a.mahova@fncps.ru Зайко Елена Викторовна Zaiko Elena V. e.zaiko@fncps.ru

кандидат технических наук;

candidate of technical sciences;

 Грудистова Мария Александровна Grudistova Mariya A.

кандидат технических наук;

candidate of technical sciences;

 Батаева Дагмара Султановна Bataeva Dagmara S. d.bataeva@fncps.ru

кандидат технических наук;

candidate of technical sciences;

 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4372-6448 Семенова Анастасия Артуровна Semenova Anastasia A. a.semenova@fncps.ru

доктор технических наук;

doctor of technical sciences;

 https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4540-5314 Рогов Григорий Новомирович Rogov Grigory N. g.rogov@fncps.ru Ярославов Александр Анатольевич Yaroslavov Alexander A. yaroslav@belozersky.msu.ru Зезин Алексей Александрович Zezin Alexey A. aazezin@yandex.ru Климов Дмитрий Игоревич Klimov Dmitry I. klimowww@hotmail.com Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова РАН Москва Россия V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS Moscow Russian Federation Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова РАН Москва Россия V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS Moscow Russian Federation Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова РАН Москва Россия V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS Moscow Russian Federation Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова РАН Москва Россия V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS Moscow Russian Federation Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова РАН Москва Россия V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS Moscow Russian Federation Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова РАН Москва Россия V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS Moscow Russian Federation Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт маслоделия и сыроделия – филиал Федерального научного центра пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова РАН Углич Россия All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking – Branch of V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS Uglich Russian Federation Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова Москва Россия Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russian Federation Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова РАН Москва Россия V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS Moscow Russian Federation Институт синтетических полимерных материалов им. Н. С. Ениколопова РАН Москва Россия Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of RAS Moscow Russian Federation Институт синтетических полимерных материалов им. Н. С. Ениколопова РАН Москва Россия Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of RAS Moscow Russian Federation 03 06 2026 03 06 2026 3 74 82 24 02 2026 05 05 2026 https://moloprom.kemsu.ru/en/nauka/article/124934/view

Плесневые грибы широко распространены на предприятиях молочной промышленности. Они способны вызывать порчу продукции, ухудшение ее органолептических свойств, а также создавать риски, связанные с образованием микотоксинов. Среди перспективных направлений повышения эффективности санитарной обработки оборудования и продления сроков годности продуктов выделяется создание несмываемых антимикробных покрытий. В связи с этим исследована фунгицидная активность полимерных композиций на основе полиэтиленимина (ПЭИ) и полиакриловой кислоты (ПАК), модифицированных серебром, в отношении 7 штаммов плесневых грибов (Penicillium gladioli, Penicillium verrucosum, Penicillium rugulosum, Penicillium polonicum, Cladosporium pseudochalastosporoides, Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus wentii), выделенных на объектах молокоперерабатывающих предприятий. Фунгицидную активность оценивали по наличию или отсутствию роста на плотной и в жидкой среде Сабуро при экспозициях от 5 мин до 96 ч. Фунгицидная активность базовых интерполиэлектролитных комплексов ПЭИ/ПАК зависела от их состава: чистый ПЭИ подавлял рост шести штаммов, комплекс 3ПЭИ/1ПАК – двух, а 1ПЭИ/3ПАК был неактивен. Введение серебра усилило фунгицидное действие: добавление ионов серебра (Ag⁺) к комплексу 3ПЭИ/1ПАК расширило спектр подавляемых штаммов с двух до семи, обеспечив универсальную активность через 5 мин. Модификация наночастицами серебра (Ag НЧ) повысила число чувствительных штаммов для исходно неактивного комплекса 1ПЭИ/3ПАК с нуля до шести, а для комплекса 3ПЭИ/1ПАК позволила сохранить полную активность в течение 96 ч, тогда как немодифицированный комплекс 3ПЭИ/1ПАК активность утрачивал уже через 24 ч. Таким образом, использование серебра позволило увеличить количество подавляемых видов плесневых грибов в 3,5–7 раз по сравнению с немодифицированными комплексами. Полученные результаты продемонстрировали перспективность разработанных материалов для создания фунгицидных покрытий в пищевой промышленности.

Mold fungi spoil food and degrade its sensory properties, creating risks associated with mycotoxin formation. Dairy enterprises use permanent antimicrobial coatings to improve the sanitary treatment of equipment and extend product shelf life. This article describes the fungicidal activity of polymer compositions based on polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) modified with silver. The substances were tested against seven mold strains (Penicillium gladioli, Penicillium verrucosum, Penicillium rugulosum, Penicillium polonicum, Cladosporium pseudochalastosporoides, Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus wentii) isolated from dairy processing facilities. Fungicidal activity was assessed by the presence or absence of growth on solid and in liquid Sabouraud media at exposure times ranging from 5 min to 96 h. The fungicidal activity of the base interpolyelectrolyte complexes (PEI/PAA) depended on their composition: pure PEI suppressed the growth of six strains, and the 3PEI/1PAA complex suppressed two, while 1PEI/3PAA was inactive. Silver significantly enhanced the fungicidal effect: the addition of silver ions (Ag⁺) to the 3PEI/1PAA complex expanded the spectrum of suppressed strains from two to seven, providing universal activity within a five-minute exposure time. Silver nanoparticles increased the number of sensitive strains for the initially inactive 1PEI/3PAA complex from zero to six. Furthermore, silver nanoparticles allowed the 3PEI/1PAA complex to maintain full activity for 96 h, whereas the unmodified complex lost its efficacy after only 24 h. Thus, the use of silver increased the number of suppressed mold species by 3.5–7 times compared to unmodified complexes. In this research, polyethyleneimine and polyacrylic acid demonstrated high potential for novel fungicidal coatings in the food industry.

 плесневые грибы полимеры фунгицидная активность порча продуктов mold fungi polymers fungicidal activity food spoilage Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации на реализацию крупных научных проектов по приоритетным направлениям научно-технологического развития (проект № 075-15-2024-483). The study was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for the implementation of major scientific projects in priority areas of scientific and technological development (project No. 075-15-2024-483).

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