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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Food Processing: Techniques and Technology</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Food Processing: Techniques and Technology</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Техника и технология пищевых производств</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2074-9414</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2313-1748</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">105000</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21603/2074-9414-2025-3-2593</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Immunofluorescence in Determining Veterinary Drugs in Dairy Products</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Расширение области применения иммунофлуоресцентного метода для определения ветеринарных лекарственных препаратов в молочных продуктах</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Криницына</surname>
       <given-names>Анна Андреевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Krinitsyna</surname>
       <given-names>Anna A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>anna.krinitsyna@pepsico.com</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9879-482X</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Петров</surname>
       <given-names>Андрей Николаевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Petrov</surname>
       <given-names>Andrey N.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Российский биотехнологический университет</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Russian Biotechnological University</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Российский биотехнологический университет</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Russian Biotechnological University</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-08T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>08</day>
    <month>10</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-08T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>08</day>
    <month>10</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>55</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>521</fpage>
   <lpage>539</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-24T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>24</day>
     <month>02</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-06T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>06</day>
     <month>05</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://fptt.ru/en/issues/23788/23808/">https://fptt.ru/en/issues/23788/23808/</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Современные методы контроля остаточных количеств антибиотиков и ветеринарных препаратов в молочной продукции требуют повышения точности и расширения спектра анализируемых образцов. Иммунофлуоресцентные методы демонстрируют высокий потенциал, однако их эффективность зависит от физических и химических характеристик исследуемых продуктов, таких как массовая доля сухих веществ, белка и жира, уровень pH. Цель работы – изучить иммунный ответ иммунофлуоресцентного биоанализатора на физико-химические показатели пермеата и ретентата молочных, пахты и сливок, установить границы определения остаточных количеств антибиотиков.&#13;
Объектами исследования являлись цельное нормализованное, сырое цельное и обезжиренное молоко, сухое цельное и сухое обезжиренное молоко, сливки, пермеат и ретентат молочные, пахта и их композиционные системы. Для всех образцов проводился контроль на отсутствие остаточных ветеринарных препаратов, а также анализ их физико-химических характеристик. Все исследования проводились в пятикратной повторности. Обработка данных выполнялась с использованием программного обеспечения Unisensor S. A., Wolfram Mathematica и Microsoft Excel с надстройками «Поиск решения» и «Анализ данных».&#13;
Установлено, что одновременный учет указанных параметров позволяет минимизировать вероятность возникновения ложноотрицательных и ложноположительных результатов при детекции остаточных количеств ветеринарных препаратов. Применение данного подхода способствует повышению аналитической точности метода и воспроизводимости получаемых данных. Разработан и экспериментально верифицирован универсальный алгоритм адаптации иммунофлуоресцентного анализа к различным типам молочных продуктов. Данный алгоритм позволяет точно определять остаточные количества антибиотиков в сыром молоке, пахте, пермеате и ретентате молочных, сливках и продуктах их переработки, что свидетельствует о его практической значимости в системе контроля качества молочной продукции.&#13;
Полученные результаты имеют важное практическое значение для молочной промышленности. Внедрение предложенных методик позволит повысить стандарты безопасности продукции, что критически важно для здоровья  потребителей и укрепления доверия к отрасли.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The current methods for detecting residual antibiotics and veterinary drugs in dairy products require more accuracy and a wider target range. Immunofluorescence demonstrates high potential, but its efficiency depends on the physical and chemical properties of the dairy product, e.g., mass fraction of solids, protein, and fat, pH, etc. This research featured the immune response of an immunofluorescence bioanalyzer to the physicochemical parameters of milk permeate, milk retentate, buttermilk, and cream in order to establish the limits of determination of residual antibiotics.&#13;
The experiment involved whole standardized milk, raw whole milk, skim milk, whole milk powder, skim milk powder, cream, milk permeate, milk retentate, buttermilk, and their composite systems. All samples were tested for residual veterinary drugs&#13;
and physicochemical profile (five replications). The data obtained were processed in Unisensor S. A., Wolfram Mathematica, and Microsoft Excel (Solver and Data Analysis add-ins).&#13;
A simultaneous consideration of the specified parameters minimized the probability of false negative and false positive results in detecting residual veterinary drugs. The approach increased the analytical accuracy and reproducibility. The research yielded a universal algorithm for adapting immunofluorescence analysis to various types of dairy products. This algorithm provided accurate determination of residual amounts of antibiotics in raw milk, buttermilk, permeate, retentate, cream, and processed dairy products, which indicated its practical significance in dairy quality control.&#13;
If implemented on commercial scale, the new method will improve the current dairy safety standards, strengthen consumers’ trust in the domestic dairy industry, and improve their health.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>Молочные продукты</kwd>
    <kwd>ветеринарные лекарственные препараты</kwd>
    <kwd>безопасность</kwd>
    <kwd>иммунофлуоресцентный метод</kwd>
    <kwd>биохимический анализатор</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>Dairy products</kwd>
    <kwd>veterinary drug</kwd>
    <kwd>safety</kwd>
    <kwd>immunofluorescence</kwd>
    <kwd>biochemical analyzer</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
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